跟着苏苏每早一练477

1.The British establishment is not only a perfect machine for producing secrets and lies. It also produces the mavericks and misfits who thrive in the secret world.

英国的这种体制不仅是一台生产秘密和谎言的完美机器。它还出产标新立异之人和与社会个格格不入之人，他们在秘密世界中出尽风头。

2.Establishment types seem to come in two varieties: smooth conformists who do everything by the rules, and mavericks who break every rule but are nevertheless tolerated because they are members of the club.The first type is sent into the Foreign Office and the second into MI6.

体制人的类型似乎分成两类：一类是圆滑的墨守成规之人，他们事事循规蹈矩；一类是标新立异之人，他们处处违规，却因为是体制中人而得到容忍。前一种人被送进了外交部，后一种人被送进了军情六处。

3.The best spy novels are like distorting mirrors in fairgrounds: by exaggerating this or that feature of Establishment Man, they allow the reader to understand the ideal form.

杰出的间谍小说就像是游乐场里的哈哈镜：通过放大体制人的这个或那个特点，能让读者理解理想的形式。

4.The other great theme in British spy novels is geopolitical decline.

英国间谍小说的另一个伟大的主题是地缘政治的衰落。

5.How can people who were “trained to Empire, trained to rule the waves”, as one of Mr le Carre's characters puts it, bear to live in a world in which the waves are ruled by other powers and statecraft is reduced to providing fuel for the welfare state?

正如勒卡雷的一位人物所说，“为了帝国，为了驾驭风云而接受训练”的人怎么能承受生活在一个风云为别的大国所驾驭、治国理政沦为为福利国家提供燃料的世界中呢？

6.Fleming's novels are full of laments about Britain's “crumbling empire” and its dependency-producing state.“You have not only lost a great empire,” Tiger Tanaka, a Japanese spy, tells Bond, “you have seemed almost anxious to throw it away with both hands.”

弗莱明的小说充斥着对英国“摇摇欲坠的帝国”及其附属生产国的怨言。日本间谍老虎田中告诉邦德：“你不仅失去了一个伟大的帝国，似乎还急不可耐地要用双手把它扔出去。”

7.Mr le Carre once described Britain as a country where “failed socialism is being replaced by failed capitalism.The Circus, as he called the secret service's headquarters, is a physical manifestation of decline: cramped, shoddy, reeking of rising damp, just one hasty repair away from collapse.

勒卡雷曾经把英国说成是一个“失败的社会主义正在被失败的资本主义所取代”的国家。他称之为间谍大本营的马戏团正是这种衰落的一种实实在在表现：囿于一隅，粗制滥造，臭气熏天，纵然匆忙地修修补补，也难挽狂澜即到。

8.Why remain loyal to a country that has made such a mess of things and to an establishment soaked in hypocrisy? Mr le Carre's traitors (like the Cambridge spies who inspired them) betray their country not for money but because they have transferred their patriotism to the Soviet Union.

为什么要对一个把事情都搞得乱七八糟的国家和一个侵泡在虚伪中的体制忠心不贰呢？勒卡雷的叛国者（像鼓舞了他们的剑桥间谍帮一样）不是为了钱而背叛他们的国家，而是因为他们已将他们的爱国主义转移到了苏联身上。

9.But what makes Britain's best spy novels so good is that they toy with disillusionment only to reject it.

但是，让英国最好的间谍小说如此优秀的，是他们仅仅是为了否认而去调侃这种幻灭感。

10.For all its faults, they say, Britain is the best of a bad lot.Bond is so besotted with his country that he boasts that “British food is the best in the world”.For all his professed Europeans in the new novel, Smiley is the model of a British gentleman.

他们声称，因为她错误百出，英国是恶人中最好的。邦德对于他的国家的迷恋，令他吹嘘说“英国的食物是世界上最好的”。因为他在新小说中被赋与了各种欧洲性，斯迈利是英国绅士的典型。

11.And spying provides Britain with a way of reclaiming its greatness, by excelling in the most sophisticated form of foreign policy.The Americans have the money and the bluster, but the British have the brains to spend it wisely and restrain the Americans from going over the top.Felix Leiter, Bond's opposite number in the CIA, admits that Bond is playing “in a bigger league” than he is.Smiley is more subtle than his “cousins” in America.

而且，间谍活动还给英国提供了一种重塑其伟大的方式，具体地说，就是要在最为成熟的外交政策形式上胜人一筹。美国人有钱有势；但是，英国人有脑子，可以明智地花钱并阻止美国盛极而衰。邦德在CIA的对应代号费力克斯·雷特承认，与他相比，邦德正在一个“更大的团队”中施展。斯迈利也比他的美国“表亲”更加难以琢磨。

12.The secret at the heart of the British spy novel is that Britain is much better than it seems.The writers agonise over decline and hypocrisy, only to conclude that the British are cleverer and more civilised than anybody else.

英国间谍小说的核心秘密就是，英国比看上去好很多。作家纠结于衰落和虚伪，仅仅是为了得出英国人比其他人更聪明，都更有教养的结论。

13.A comforting illusion wrapped in a tale of disillusionment: you can't get more British than that.

一种包裹在幻灭故事中的让人欣慰的幻觉：你不可能得到比此更英国的了。

篇章分析

P1-P3： 英国体制擅长生产秘密，谎言，间谍小说就是通过放大这些体制人的特点来让读者感受到完美的间谍故事的。

P4-P8：举例说明了英国间谍小说另一伟大主题是地缘政治的衰落。

P9-P11: 英国最好间谍小说优秀的原因是，作家仅仅为了否认而去调侃自我，调侃英国。

P12-P13： 总结英国间谍小说的核心就是，把英国描绘得比表象要好，让人产生幻灭又欣慰的幻觉，这太符合英国的特点了。

重点表达明晰

1. misfit  [ˈmɪsfɪt]  n. 与他人格格不入的人;行为怪异的人

【例句】

I have been made to feel a social and psychological misfit for not wanting children.

因为不想要孩子，让我感到自己在社会和心理上与别人格格不入.

2. thrive  [θraɪv]  v. 欣欣向荣;茁壮成长;兴旺发达;尤指在别人觉得困难 的时候)以…为乐，可以出色应对

【例句】

Today his company continues to thrive.

今天，他的公司继续蓬勃发展。

Creative people are usually very determined and thrive on overcoming obstacles.

富有创造力的人一般都意志非常坚定，能不断克服困难，事业蒸蒸日上.

3. distort |dɪˈstɔ:t|  vt. 使变形；扭曲；使失真; 歪曲；曲  解 n. distortion

【例句】

The loudspeaker seemed to distort his voice.

他的声音从喇叭里传出来好像失真了。

Newspapers are often guilty of distorting the truth.

报章常犯歪曲事实的错误。

What Trump said about China during epidemic pandemic was just a distortion of the facts.

特朗普疫情期间说的关于中国的一切不过是在扭曲事实。

4. lament  |ləˈment| v.  对…感到悲痛；痛惜；对…表示失望[formal ]

【例句】

In the poem he laments the destruction of the countryside.

在那首诗里他对乡村遭到的破坏流露出悲哀。

He laments that people in Villa El Salvador are suspicious of the police.

他哀叹埃尔萨尔瓦多镇的居民居然不信任警方。

5. boast  [bəʊst]  V 吹嘘；炫耀；夸耀; 有，拥有（值得骄傲的成就或财产）

【例句】

Witnesses said Furci boasted that he took part in killing them.

几位证人声称富尔奇曾吹嘘自己参与了对他们的屠杀。

Frommen says his country boasts a healthy economy.

弗罗曼称他的国家经济运行良好。

6. excel   |ɪkˈsel| v (excelled/excelling)   (in/at sth/at doing sth)  擅长；善于；突出  n. excellence

【例句】

She has always excelled in foreign languages.

她的外语从来都是出类拔萃。

The team excels at turning defence into attack.

这个队善于打防守反击。

7. crumble |ˈkrʌmbl|  vt 使破碎，成碎屑;~ (into/to sth) | ~ (away) （开始渐渐）衰退，衰弱；崩溃；瓦解；消亡

【例句】

Crumble the cheese over the salad.

把干酪弄成碎屑洒在色拉上。

The empire finally crumbled into dust.

这个帝国最终崩溃了。

8. cramp   |kræmp|  vt  阻碍，阻止（发展或进步）

【例句】

Tighter trade restrictions might cramp economic growth.

较严格的贸易限制会妨碍经济的增长。

地道习语

cramp sb's style  束缚…的手脚；使不能放开手脚（或施展才能）

举例：Like more and more women, she believes marriage would cramp her style.

像越来越多的女性一样，她认为婚姻会对她形成束缚。

9. damp |dæmp|   vt = dampen 弄潮；使潮湿；抑制，减弱（感情等）

【例句】

She damped a towel and wrapped it round his leg.

她弄湿毛巾，把它裹在他的腿上。

固定搭配

damp down sth    抑制，控制（情绪、感情等）

damp sth↔down 使（火）减弱；灭火

精华句型

1.What makes ...so + adj  is + .../that...(该句型主干是一个系表结构的句子，先是一个主语从句，引出要讲的点，is后面可接名词性词组或者that引导的表语从句，可用来描述关于任何事情好，坏，成功，失败。。。的原因，也可理解为，。。。之所以怎么样，是。。。导致)

例：

a.What makes Alibaba so successful is that Jack Ma has had the courage to challenge himself and valued young talents.

阿里巴巴如此成功是因为马云有挑战自我的勇气，并重用青年才俊。

b.What makes America’s presidential election so controversial is the heated arguments between Trump and Biden during the campaign speech

美国总统大选之所以有争议，是竞选演讲时特朗普和拜登之间激烈的争吵导致.

2.toy  with... 随便对待;不是很认真地考虑（动词短语，可直接作谓语，后面跟名词词组）

例：

a. He toyed with the idea of going to China.

他动过去中国的念头，但并没当真。

b. A responsible man is not likely to toy with his marriage.

有责任心的男人不太可能把婚姻当儿戏。