全球近三分之一成年人缺乏运动

近日，一项研究发现，全球超过31%的成年人，即18亿人，达不到世卫组织的建议活动量，也就是说近三分之一的成年人缺乏运动。

🤔️小作业：

1. According to the passage, which region had the highest rates of physical inactivity in 2022?

A) Oceania

B) High-income Asia Pacific

C) South Asia

D) High-income Western countries

2. Why might promoting physical activity require a “whole-of-society” approach according to the passage?

A)Because creating supportive environments and reducing inequalities need collective efforts.

B)Because individuals are not capable of making lifestyle changes on their own.

C) Because it is more cost-effective than other approaches.

D) Because WHO cannot implement policies alone.

3. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned as a recommended action by WHO to promote physical activity?

A) Increasing funding for health promotion.

B) Implementing community sport programs.

C) Enhancing public transportation options.

D) Providing free gym memberships.

- ◆ -

注：中文文本为WHO官方译文，仅供参考

Nearly 1.8 billion adults at risk of disease from not doing enough physical activity

From: World Health Organization

New data show that nearly one third (31%) of adults worldwide, approximately 1.8 billion people, did not meet therecommendedlevels of physical activity in 2022. The findings point to a worrying trend of physical inactivity among adults, which has increased by about 5 percentage points between 2010 and 2022.

新数据显示，全球近三分之一(31%)的成年人(约18亿人)在2022年未达到所建议的身体活动水平。研究结果指出，成年人缺乏身体活动的趋势令人担忧。2010年至2022年期间，成年人缺乏身体活动百分比增加了大约5个百分点。

recommend

recommend /ˌrek.əˈmend/ 表示“推荐，介绍；建议”，英文解释为“to suggest that someone or something would be good or suitable for a particular job or purpose, or to suggest that a particular action should be done”举个🌰：I can recommend the chicken in mushroom sauce - it's delicious. 我可以向您推荐蘑菇汁鸡肉——这道菜非常可口。

📍单词“recommend”由词根“-mend”（来自拉丁语“mendare”，表示“赞扬”）和前缀“reco-”（表示强调）组成。

If the trend continues, levels of inactivityare projected tofurther rise to 35% by 2030, and the world is currently off track from meeting the global target to reduce physical inactivity by 2030. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that adults have 150 minutes ofmoderate-intensity, or 75 minutes ofvigorous-intensity physical activity, orequivalent, per week. Physical inactivity puts adults at greater risk ofcardiovasculardiseases such as heart attacks andstrokes, type 2diabetes,dementiaand cancers such as breast andcolon.

如果这一趋势继续下去，预计到2030年，缺乏身体活动百分比将进一步上升到35%。目前全世界距离实现到2030年减少缺乏身体活动率的全球目标还有很大差距。世界卫生组织（世卫组织）建议成年人每周进行150分钟的中等强度身体活动或75分钟的高强度身体活动。缺乏身体活动会加剧成年人患心血管疾病（如心脏病和中风）、2型糖尿病、痴呆症以及乳腺癌和结肠癌的风险。

project

project /ˈprɒdʒ.ekt/ 1）表示“放映；投射（影、像或光）”，英文解释为“to cause a film, image, or light to appear on a screen or other surface”举个🌰：Laser images were projected onto a screen. 激光图像被投射到了屏幕上。

2）表示“预计，推算”，英文解释为“to calculate an amount or number expected in the future from information already known”举个🌰：The spending is projected to rise by three percent next year. 明年支出预计将增加3%。

3）表示“投射（自己的感觉给别人）”，英文解释为“to wrongly imagine that someone else is feeling a particular emotion or desire when in fact it is you who feels this way”举个🌰：I suspect he's projecting his fears onto you. 我猜他是把他的恐惧投射到你身上了。

4）表示“向别人表现（某种品质）”，英文解释为“If you project a particular quality, that quality is what most people notice about you.”举个🌰：Recently she has sought to project a much tougher image. 最近她努力塑造一个更强硬的形象。

moderate

moderate /ˈmɒd.ər.ət/ 1）表示“中等的；不过分的，适度的”，英文解释为“neither small nor large in size, amount, degree, or strength”举个🌰：The cabin is of moderate size - just right for a small family. 这间小屋中等大小——正适合一个小家庭。

2）表示“（尤指政见）温和的，不激烈的，不偏激的”，英文解释为“Moderate opinions, especially political ones, are not extreme and are therefore acceptable to a large number of people.”

intensity

intensity /ɪnˈten.sə.ti/ 1）表示“强烈；剧烈”，英文解释为“the quality of being felt strongly or having a very strong effect”举个🌰：The explosion was of such intensity that it was heard five miles away. 爆炸的巨响5英里以外都能听见。

2）表示“（感情或看法的）强烈；认真；全情投入”，英文解释为“the quality of being very serious and having strong emotions or opinions”举个🌰：The intensity of their relationship was causing problems. 他们关系中所牵涉的感情强烈得引发了问题。

3）表示“（光、声等的）强度”，英文解释为“the strength of something that can be measured such as light, sound, etc.”如：measures of light intensity 光强度的测量。

vigorous

vigorous /ˈvɪɡ.ər.əs/ 1）表示“充满活力的；有力量的；精力旺盛的”，英文解释为“very forceful or energetic”如：a vigorous debate 激烈的辩论。

2）表示“健壮的；强壮的”，英文解释为“healthy and strong”举个🌰：Cutting the bush back in the autumn will help promote vigorous growth in the spring. 秋天将灌木丛剪短有利于它在春天茁壮生长。

equivalent

equivalent /ɪˈkwɪv.əl.ənt/ 1）作形容词，表示“（价值、数量、意义、重要性等）相等的，相同的”，英文解释为“equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc.”举个🌰：Eight kilometres is roughly equivalent to five miles. 八公里约等于五英里。

2）作名词，表示“相等的东西；等量；对应词”，英文解释为“a thing, amount, word, etc. that is equivalent to sth else”。

比如，提到Weibo时候会介绍为中国版的Twitter，常见的有几种说法：

🧣Weibo, China's Twitter-like service (SCMP)

🧣Weibo, the Chinese equivalent to Twitter (NPR NEWS)

🧣Twitter-like Weibo (Reuters)

🧣Weibo, a Twitter-like platform (NYT)

cardiovascular

cardiovascular /ˌkɑːdɪəʊˈvæskjʊlə/ 表示“心血管的”，英文解释为“Cardiovascular means relating to the heart and blood vessels.”举个🌰：Smoking places you at serious risk of cardiovascular and respiratory disease. 吸烟会严重增加罹患心血管和呼吸道疾病的风险。

stroke

stroke /strəʊk/ 表示“中风”，英文解释为“a sudden change in the blood supply to a part of the brain, sometimes causing a loss of the ability to move particular parts of the body”举个🌰：She suffered/had a stroke that left her unable to speak. 她中风了，不能开口说话。

diabetes

diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtɪs, -tiːz/ 表示“糖尿病”，英文解释为“a disease in which the body cannot control the level of sugar in the blood.”

dementia

dementia /dɪˈmenʃə/ 表示“（尤指老年性）痴呆”，英文解释为“a medical condition that affects especially old people, causing the memory and other mental abilities to gradually become worse, and leading to confused behaviour”

colon

colon /ˈkəʊ.lɒn/ 表示“结肠”，英文解释为“the lower and bigger half of the bowels in which water is removed from solid waste”

The study was undertaken by researchers from WHO together with academic colleagues and published in The Lancet Global Health journal.

这项研究由世卫组织研究人员与学术界同事共同开展，研究结果发表在《柳叶刀全球健康》杂志上。

"These new findingshighlighta lost opportunity to reduce cancer and heart disease, and improve mental health and well-being through increased physical activity," said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. "We must renew our commitment to increasing levels of physical activity andprioritizingbold action, including strengthened policies and increased funding, toreversethis worrying trend.”

世卫组织总干事谭德塞博士说，“这些新研究成果显示，由于未能增加身体活动，人们未能抓住机会减少癌症和心脏病以及改善精神健康和福祉。我们必须重申承诺，努力提高身体活动水平，大力采取果断行动，包括加强政策和增加资金，以扭转这一令人担忧的趋势”。

highlight

highlight /ˈhaɪ.laɪt/ 作动词，表示“使引起注意，强调”，英文解释为“to attract attention to or emphasize something important”举个🌰：The report highlights the need for improved safety. 那份报告强调了加大安全力度的重要性。

作名词，表示“最精彩的部分”，英文解释为“the best or most exciting, entertaining, or interesting part of something”举个🌰：Highlights of the match will be shown after the news. 比赛的精彩部分将在新闻之后播出。

📍，2024美国大选首场辩论后，有Reddit网友评论称，选择不看直播，只等第二天的highlights，另一位网友回复，没有highlights，只有lowlights.

prioritize

美式 prioritize /praɪˈɒr.ɪ.taɪz/ 英式 prioritise 1）表示“按重要性排列；划分优先顺序”，英文解释为“to put tasks, problems, etc. in order of importance, so that you can deal with the most important first”举个🌰：You should make a list of all the jobs you have to do and prioritize them. 你应该把所有必须做的事都列出来，并按轻重缓急排个顺序。

2）表示“优先处理”，英文解释为“to treat sth as being more important than other things”举个🌰：The organization was formed to prioritize the needs of older people. 这个机构是为优先满足老年人的需要而成立的。

reverse

reverse /rɪˈvɜːs/ 1）作名词，表示“失败；挫折”，英文解释为“a defeat or failure”举个🌰：They suffered a serious military reverse. 他们遭受了一次重大的军事失败。也可以表示“相反的情况（或事物）；对立面”，英文解释为“the opposite of what has been suggested”

📍in reverse (order) 表示“向相反方向；倒；逆”，英文解释为“in the opposite order or way”举个🌰：To stop the engine, you repeat the same procedures, but in reverse (order). 要想关掉发动机，你得按相反顺序重复同样的步骤。

2）还可以表示“倒车挡”，英文解释为“the method of controlling a vehicle that makes it go backwards”举个🌰：To go backwards, you must put the car in/into reverse (gear). 要想倒车，你得挂倒车挡。

3）作动词，表示“（使）反向；（使）倒转；彻底改变；推翻”，英文解释为“to change the direction, order, position, result, etc. of something to its opposite”举个🌰：The new manager hoped to reverse the decline in the company's fortunes. 新经理希望能够扭转公司江河日下的状况。

The highest rates of physical inactivity were observed in the high-income Asia Pacific region (48%) and South Asia (45%), with levels of inactivity in other regions ranging from 28% in high-income Western countries to 14% inOceania.

高收入亚太地区(48%)和南亚(45%)缺乏身体活动率最高。其他地区的缺乏身体活动水平从高收入西方国家的28%到大洋洲的14%不等。

Oceania

Oceania /əʊ.ʃiˈɑː.ni.ə/ 表示“大洋洲”，英文解释为“the region of the world that consists of the islands of the Pacific Ocean and the seas around them”

Of concern,disparitiesremain between gender and age. Physical inactivity is still more common among women globally compared with men, with inactivity rates of 34% compared to 29%. In some countries, this difference is as much as 20 percentage points. Additionally, people over 60 are less active than other adults,underscoringthe importance of promoting physical activity for older adults.

令人关切的是，在不同性别之间和不同年龄之间仍然存在差距。与男性相比，全球女性缺乏身体活动情况仍较普遍，缺乏活动率为34%，男性为29%。在一些国家，这一差距达20个百分点。此外，与其他成年人群相比，60岁以上的人身体活动较少，因此，我们需要促进老年人开展更多身体活动。

disparity

disparity /dɪˈspærɪtɪ/表示“（尤指不公正的）不同，差异”，英文解释为“a difference between two or more things, especially an unfair one”，如：a disparity between the rates of pay for men and women 男性与女性在工资水平上的差异。

相反的：

📍parity表示“（尤指薪金、权利或权力的）相同，相等，同等”，英文解释为“the state of being equal, especially having equal pay, rights, or power”举个🌰：Women workers are demanding parity with their male colleagues. 女职工在要求与男同事享有同等的待遇。

还可以指两个不同国家的货币单位的“平价，等价”(equality between the units of money from two diffe-rent countries）；

📍2019年「妇女节」联合国秘书长发表讲话时，就提到：We now have gender parity among those who lead our teams around the world, and the highest-ever numbers of women in senior management. 目前在世界各地，我们已在许多团队的领导层中实现性别均等，高级管理层中的妇女人数比以往任何时候都多。

📍在2018年政府工作报告Part 5中，居民收入增长和经济增长基本同步；就处理为：Basic parity in personal income growth and economic growth.

underscore

underscore /ˌʌn.dəˈskɔːr/ 表示“突出显示；强调”，英文解释为“If something such as an action or an event underscores another, it draws attention to the other thing and emphasizes its importance.”举个🌰：The figures underscore the state of the economic recovery.数据突出显示了经济复苏的状态。

🎬电影《笔下求生》（Stranger Than Fiction）中的台词提到：lts desperate attempts to escape... only underscore the hopelessness of its plight. 它绝望的挣扎 只能强调它无望的处境。

“Physical inactivity is a silent threat to global health, contributing significantly to the burden ofchronicdiseases,” said Dr Rüdiger Krech, Director of Health Promotion at WHO. “We need to find innovative ways to motivate people to be more active, considering factors like age, environment, and cultural background. By making physical activity accessible, affordable, and enjoyable for all, we can significantly reduce the risk ofnoncommunicablediseases and create a population that is healthier and more productive.”

世卫组织健康促进司司长Rüdiger Krech博士指出，“缺乏身体活动是对全球健康的无声威胁，大大加重了慢性病负担。我们需要在考虑到年龄、环境和文化背景等因素的情况下，找到新颖办法，激励人们更积极从事身体活动。通过普及负担得起的且令人愉快的身体活动，我们可以大大降低非传染性疾病的风险，增进人口健康和生产力”。

chronic

chronic /ˈkrɒnɪk/ 1）表示“（疾病）慢性的，长期的”，英文解释为“a chronic disease or illness is one that continues for a long time and cannot be cured”如：chronic arthritis表示“慢性关节炎”。

2）表示“（问题）长期的”，英文解释为“a chronic problem is one that continues for a long time and cannot easily be solved”举个🌰：There is a chronic shortage of teachers. 长期存在师资短缺的问题。

3）还有一种解释是用来形容人“积习难改”，如“长期酗酒/沉迷赌博等的人”我们就可以用chronic alcoholic/gambler表示。

noncommunicable

non-communicable /ˌnɒn.kəˈmjuː.nɪ.kə.bəl/ 表示“无法在人与人之间传播的”，英文解释为“that cannot be passed from one person to another”举个🌰：non-communicable diseases 非传染性疾病。

Despite the worrying results, there are some signs of improvement in some countries. The study showed that almost half of the world's countries have made some improvements over the past decade, and 22 countries were identified as likely to reach the global target of reducing inactivity by 15% by 2030, if their trend continues at the same pace.

尽管情况令人担忧，但有些国家出现了一些良好迹象。该研究报告指出，世界上近一半国家在过去十年中取得了一些进展，其中22个国家如果维持目前趋势，有望到2030年实现将缺乏身体活动人口百分比减少15%这一目标。

In light ofthese findings, WHO is calling on countries to strengthen their policy implementation to promote and enable physical activity throughgrassrootsand community sport and activerecreationand transport (walking, cycling and use of public transport), among other measures.

在这些调查结果基础上，世卫组织呼吁各国加强政策实施工作，通过开展基层和社区体育活动以及鼓励从事积极消闲娱乐活动和采用有益健康的出行方式(如步行、骑自行车和使用公共交通工具)等措施，提倡和促进身体活动。

In light of

美式 in light of sth 英式 in the light of sth 表示“根据；考虑到，鉴于”，英文解释为“If something is possible in the light of particular information, it is only possible because you have this information.”举个🌰：In the light of this information it is now possible to identify a number of key issues. 根据这一信息，现在有可能发现很多关键问题。

🎬电影《完美音调2》（Pitch Perfect 2）中的台词提到：In light of this embarrassing 鉴于这个让人尴尬的...

📺美剧《硅谷》（Silicon Valley）中的台词提到：Well, in light of recent activities, it appears that I could do a goddamn thing about it. 有鉴于最近的种种 看来我还是有办法的。

grassroots

grassroot /ˈɡrɑːs.ruːts/ 表示“草根；（组织、运动的）基层；（尤指一个政党内的）基层民众；平民百姓”，英文解释为“The grassroots of an organization or movement are the ordinary people who form the main part of it, rather than its leaders.”

recreation

1）recreation /ˌrek.riˈeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“娱乐；消遣（方式）”，英文解释为“(a way of) enjoying yourself when you are not working”举个🌰：Her only form of recreation seems to be shopping. 她唯一的消遣好像就是购物。

2）recreation /ˌriː.kriˈeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“再现；复制”，英文解释为“the act of making something exist or happen again；something that has been made or done to be the same as something that happened or existed in the past”如：a recreation of one of the most Famous events in history 历史上最著名事件之一的再现。

"Promoting physical activity goes beyond promoting individual lifestyle choice - it will require a whole-of-society approach and creating environments that make it easier and safer for everyone to be more active in ways they enjoy  toreapthe many health benefits of regular physical activity,” said Dr Fiona Bull, Head of the WHO Unit for Physical Activity.

世卫组织身体活动处处长Fiona Bull博士说，“促进身体活动不仅是促进个人选择有益健康的生活方式，还需要采用‘全社会参与’方针，创造良好环境，使每个人都能更容易和更安全地以所喜欢的方式开展更多身体活动，以增进健康。经常从事身体活动会带来许多健康益处”。

reap

reap /riːp/ 表示“收割，收获；获得”，英文解释为“to cut and collect a grain crop”

📍reap the benefit, reward, etc.表示“得到收益/报酬等”，英文解释为“to get something good as a result of your own actions”举个🌰：She studied every evening and reaped the benefit at exam time. 她每天晚上都坚持学习，考试时受益匪浅。

📍reap what you have sown表示“种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆；善有善报，恶有恶报”，英文解释为“to win or lose as a result of something you did in the past”

Collective efforts based on partnerships between government and nongovernmentalstakeholdersand increased investments in innovative approaches will be needed to reach the least active people and to reduce inequalities in access to measures promoting and improving physical activity.

政府和非政府利益攸关方需并肩合作，作出共同努力，并需进一步投资于新颖方法，以覆盖最不活跃的人群，减少不平等现象，促进人们提高身体活动水平。

stakeholder

stakeholder /ˈsteɪkˌhəʊl.dər/ 表示“股东；持股人；利益相关者；利害关系人”，英文解释为“a person or group of people who own a share in a business; a person such as an employee, customer, or citizen who is involved with an organization, society, etc. and therefore has responsibilities towards it and an interest in its success”

- 词汇盘点 -

recommend、 project、 moderate、 intensity、 vigorous、 equivalent、 cardiovascular、 stroke、 diabetes、 dementia、 colon、 highlight、 prioritize、 reverse、 Oceania、 disparity、 underscore、 chronic、 noncommunicable、 In light of、 grassroots、 recreation、 reap、 stakeholder

- 词汇助记 By ChatGPT -

In light of rising chronic diseases in Oceania—stroke, diabetes, dementia—experts recommend moderate to vigorous exercise as the equivalent to cardiovascular rehab. Highlighting disparities, they underscore the need to reverse noncommunicable diseases through prioritized grassroots recreation projects. Stakeholders reap benefits by investing in community health.

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