洛杉矶山火肆虐

本周，野火席卷洛杉矶地区，火势迅速蔓延。

🤔️小作业：

1. What is the primary focus of the article?

A. A detailed report on the firefighting strategies in Southern California.

B. An analysis of the environmental causes of the wildfires.

C. A summary of the wildfires' impact on residents and the areas affected.

D. A historical overview of wildfires in Los Angeles.

无注释原文：

What We Know About the Wildfires Raging in Southern California

From: The New York Times

Fast-moving fires that reached across the Los Angeles area this week have burned more than 1,000 homes, destroyed beloved landmarks and forced more than 100,000 people to flee the fast-approaching flames.

The three largest fires — in the coastal Pacific Palisades neighborhood, in the suburban Pasadena area and in a rural stretch of the San Fernando Valley — were not at all contained as of Wednesday afternoon. Officials warned that more damage was likely as heavy winds and dry conditions continued to fuel their rapid growth.

Where are the fires burning?

Three big fires were burning in different parts of the Los Angeles area on Wednesday. To the west, the Palisades fire had scorched more than 15,000 acres and forced evacuations in cities and neighborhoods along the Pacific Coast Highway, including the Pacific Palisades, Malibu and Santa Monica. The residences in these areas include iconic mansions on bluffs that tower over the Pacific as well as tracts of homes in beachside neighborhoods.

Helicopters, which had been grounded overnight because of bad conditions, were flying over the Palisades and dropping water on the flames on Wednesday, according to the office of the Los Angeles mayor, Karen Bass.

To the east, a fire north of Pasadena in the San Gabriel Mountains had burned more than 10,000 acres as of Wednesday afternoon, and destroyed 100 homes. The blaze is called the Eaton fire because it began in Eaton Canyon in the mountains that are perhaps best known for the often snowcapped, highest peak referred to as Mt. Baldy. The fire has forced more than 32,000 evacuations in La Canada Flintridge, Arcadia, Altadena, Pasadena and Monrovia — suburban areas where many homes are nestled against mountain foothills.

And to the north, the Hurst fire had extended to 500 acres and was burning in the San Fernando Valley, about 25 miles northwest of downtown Los Angeles. While the Valley itself is densely populated, Sylmar is a more rural area that was once known for its olive orchards and is now home to horse properties.

How many homes have been destroyed?

The Palisades fire has destroyed more than 1,000 homes, officials said on Wednesday, and another 15,000 structures were at risk. The fire has also razed several beloved local institutions, including the Malibu Feed Bin, which had sold pet supplies and gifts since 1966, and Palisades Charter High School, the alma mater of numerous celebrities as well as the filming location of many TV shows, including “Modern Family.”

The Eaton fire has so far burned about 100 homes, officials said. Flames had seriously damaged at least part of the Pasadena Jewish Temple and Center, which has been operating for more than a century.

The damage caused by the Hurst fire remains unclear.

Have there been any fatalities?

The Eaton fire killed five people, fire officials say. While there haven't been any fatalities reported from the Palisades fire, there have been a “high number of significant injuries” among people who didn't evacuate their homes when they should have, said Anthony C. Marrone, the fire chief for Los Angeles County.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

What We Know About the WildfiresRagingin Southern California

From: The New York Times

Fast-moving fires that reached across the Los Angeles area this week have burned more than 1,000 homes, destroyed beloved landmarks and forced more than 100,000 people to flee the fast-approaching flames.

本周，野火席卷洛杉矶地区，火势迅速蔓延，烧毁了1000多栋房屋，摧毁了人们喜爱的地标建筑，并迫使超过10万人逃离迅速逼近的火海。

rage

rage /reɪdʒ/作动词，表示“肆虐；迅速蔓延；快速扩散”，英文解释为“You say that something powerful or unpleasant rages when it continues with great force or violence.”举个🌰：Train service was halted as the fire raged for more than four hours. 火车停运了，因为大火肆虐了四个多小时。

作名词，表示“（一阵）盛怒；（一阵）狂怒；（一阵）暴怒”，英文解释为“(a period of) extreme or violent anger”举个🌰：Her sudden towering rages were terrifying. 她突然暴跳如雷，很吓人。

短语：

📍be (all) the rage表示“风靡一时，非常时兴，十分流行”（to be very popular at a particular time），此前在印度新婚夫妇在自家厕所自拍可获奖励？文中就提到Pre-wedding toilet selfies are becoming all the rage in Madhya Pradesh. 印度人婚前在厕所自拍非常盛行，再举个🌰：Long hair for men was all the rage in the 70s. 在70年代，男人留长发风靡一时。

The three largest fires — in thecoastalPacific Palisades neighborhood, in the suburban Pasadena area and in a ruralstretchof the San Fernando Valley — were not at allcontainedas of Wednesday afternoon. Officials warned that more damage was likely as heavy winds and dry conditions continued to fuel their rapid growth.

截至周三下午，三处最大的火情还完全没有得到控制。它们分别位于太平洋帕利塞德海岸社区、帕萨迪纳郊区和圣费尔南多谷周边的乡村地区。官员警告称，随着强风和干燥天气继续助长火灾的快速蔓延，可能会出现更多损失。

coastal

coastal /ˈkəʊ.stəl/ 表示“（位于）海岸的；临海的；沿海的”，英文解释为“positioned on, or relating to the coast”如：a coastal town 海滨城镇。

stretch

stretch /stretʃ/ 作名词，1）表示“（连续的）一段时间”，英文解释为“a continuous period of time”举个🌰：The elderly generally need far less rest than the young, and tend to sleep in several short stretches. 年长者一般需要的休息时间比年轻人要少得多，而且往往会分成几个小段时间睡觉。

2）表示“（土地或水域的）一片，一段”，英文解释为“a continuous area of land or water”举个🌰：This particular stretch of coast is especially popular with hikers. 在这一段海岸散步的人特别多。

作动词，1）表示“到…的限度；超过…的限度；竭尽”，英文解释为“to go as far as or past the usual limit of something”举个🌰：Many families' budgets are already stretched to breaking point. 许多家庭的预算已经撑到了极限。

2）表示“伸出；伸长；拉伸”，英文解释为“to cause something to reach, often as far as possible, in a particular direction”举个🌰：She stretched out her hand and helped him from his chair. 她伸手将他从椅子上扶起来。

3）表示“展开，铺开；延伸”，英文解释为“to spread over a large area or distance”举个🌰：A huge cloud of dense smoke stretched across the horizon. 一大团浓烟在地平线上蔓延开来。

4）表示“延续”，英文解释为“to spread over a long period of time”举个🌰：The dispute stretches back over many years. 这场争论可追溯到许多年以前。

contain

1）表示“防止…蔓延（或恶化）”，英文解释为“to prevent sth harmful from spreading or getting worse”如：to contain an epidemic 防止流行病的蔓延。

2）表示“控制，克制，抑制（感情）”，英文解释为“to keep your feelings under control”举个🌰：She was unable to contain her excitement. 她无法抑制内心的激动。

🎬电影《哥斯拉》（Godzilla）中的台词提到：That's why our mission was to contain it. 所以我们的主要任务是控制它。

📍类似的一个词，restrain表示“阻止，制止；遏制”（to control the actions or behaviour of someone by force, especially in order to stop them from doing something, or to limit the growth or force of something）举个🌰：She was so angry that she could hardly restrain herself. 她气得几乎都控制不住自己。

📍类似的短语：keep/ get sth under control，举个🌰：You should learn to keep your temper under control. 你应该学会控制自己的脾气。

Where are the fires burning? 野火在哪里燃烧？

Three big fires were burning in different parts of the Los Angeles area on Wednesday. To the west, the Palisades fire hadscorchedmore than 15,000 acres and forcedevacuationsin cities and neighborhoods along the Pacific Coast Highway, including the Pacific Palisades, Malibu and Santa Monica. The residences in these areas includeiconic mansionsonbluffsthat tower over the Pacific as well astractsof homes in beachside neighborhoods.

周三，洛杉矶地区有三处地方分别发生大火。在西部，帕利塞德大火烧毁了超过1.5万英亩的土地，迫使太平洋海岸公路沿线的城市和社区疏散居民，包括太平洋帕利塞德、马里布和圣莫尼卡。这些地区的住宅包括耸立在太平洋峭壁上的标志性豪宅，以及海滨社区的大片住宅。

scorch

scorch /skɔːtʃ/ 1）表示“（把…）烤（或烫、晒）得变色；（使）烧焦”，英文解释为“to (cause to) change colour with dry heat, or to burn slightly”举个🌰：The iron was too hot and he scorched the shirt. 熨斗太烫了，他把衬衫烫焦了。

2）表示“（尤指摩托车和小汽车）高速疾驶，飞驰”，英文解释为“(especially of motorcycles and cars) to travel or be driven very fast”举个🌰：The sports car scorched past and disappeared into the distance. 跑车疾驶而过，消失在远方。

evacuation

evacuation /ɪˌvæk.juˈeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“撤离，撤出，疏散，转移”，英文解释为“the act of moving people from a dangerous place to somewhere safe”

iconic

iconic /aɪˈkɒn.ɪk/ 表示“偶像的；图符的；象征性的；非常出名的，受欢迎的”，英文解释为“An iconic image or thing is important or impressive because it seems to be a symbol of something.”举个🌰：He gained iconic status following his death. 他死后成了偶像级人物。

mansion

mansion /ˈmæn.ʃən/ 表示“大厦；大楼；豪宅”，英文解释为“a very large, expensive house”举个🌰：The street is lined with enormous mansions where the rich and famous live. 街道两旁是富人及名人的大豪宅。

bluff

bluff /blʌf/ 表示“悬崖，峭壁；陡岸”，英文解释为“an attempt to bluff”举个🌰：When she said she was leaving him, he thought it was only a bluff. 当她说要离开他时，他以为那只是吓唬他。

tract

tract /trækt/ 1）表示“（人或动物体内的）管，道，束”，英文解释为“a system of connected tubes and organs with a particular function inside the body of a person or an animal ”如：the urinary/respiratory/digestive tract 尿道/呼吸道/消化道。

2）表示“大片土地”，英文解释为“a large area of land”举个🌰：The house is surrounded by vast tracts of woodland. 这幢房子周围是大片的林地。

Helicopters, which had beengroundedovernight because of bad conditions, were flying over the Palisades and dropping water on the flames on Wednesday, according to the office of the Los Angeles mayor, Karen Bass.

据洛杉矶市长卡伦·巴斯办公室，数架直升机于周三飞越帕利塞德上空向火焰喷水，但由于空中条件恶劣，直升机于昨晚停飞。

ground

1）表示“使停飞；阻止…起飞”，英文解释为“to prevent an aircraft from taking off”举个🌰：All planes out of Tehran have been grounded by the accident. 所有由德黑兰起飞的飞机均因此事故而停飞。

2）表示“（使）搁浅，触海底”，英文解释为“when a boat grounds or sth grounds it, it touches the bottom of the sea and is unable to move”举个🌰：The fishing boat had been grounded on rocks off the coast of Tehran. 渔船在德黑兰海岸外礁石上搁浅了。

To the east, a fire north of Pasadena in the San Gabriel Mountains had burned more than 10,000 acres as of Wednesday afternoon, and destroyed 100 homes. Theblazeis called the Eaton fire because it began in Eaton Canyon in the mountains that are perhaps best known for the oftensnowcapped, highest peak referred to as Mt. Baldy. The fire has forced more than 32,000 evacuations in La Canada Flintridge, Arcadia, Altadena, Pasadena and Monrovia — suburban areas where many homes arenestledagainst mountain foothills.

在东部，截至周三下午，帕萨迪纳北部圣盖博山脉的一场大火烧毁了1万多英亩土地，摧毁了100栋房屋。这场大火因始于伊顿峡谷而被称为伊顿大火，伊顿峡谷所在的山脉以常年积雪的最高峰巴尔迪山而闻名。这场大火迫使拉卡纳达弗林特里奇、阿卡迪亚、阿尔塔迪纳、帕萨迪纳和蒙罗维亚的3.2万余人撤离——这些郊区的许多房屋都坐落在山脚下。

blaze

通常用于新闻报道中，作名词，表示“火灾，烈火，大火”，如：灭火、控制火势fight/tackle/control a blaze，化工厂的一场大火 a huge chemical factory blaze。

📍补充：形容词性ablaze /əˈbleɪz/ 1）表示“熊熊燃烧的”，英文解释为“Something that is ablaze is burning very fiercely.”举个🌰：Stores, houses, and vehicles were set ablaze. 商店、房子和车辆被大火烧着了。

2）表示“光彩夺目的”，英文解释为“If a place is ablaze with lights or colours, it is very bright because of them.”举个🌰：The chamber was ablaze with light. 该大厅当时灯火辉煌。

snowcapped

snow-capped /ˈsnəʊ.kæpt/ 表示“（山）有雪冠的，大雪封顶的”，英文解释为“Snow-capped mountains and hills have snow on the top of them.”

nestle

nestle /ˈnes.əl/ 1）表示“（使）安卧；（使）依偎”，英文解释为“to rest yourself or part of your body in a warm, comfortable, and protected position”举个🌰：She nestled (her head) against his shoulder. 她（把头）靠在他肩膀上。

2）表示“（使）位于，（使）坐落于（安全或隐蔽之处）”，英文解释为“to be in, or put something in, a protected position, with bigger things around it”

And to the north, the Hurst fire had extended to 500 acres and was burning in the San Fernando Valley, about 25 miles northwest of downtown Los Angeles. While the Valley itself is densely populated, Sylmar is a more rural area that was once known for itsolive orchardsand is now home to horse properties.

而在北部，赫斯特大火已蔓延500英亩，烧至圣费尔南多谷，该山谷位于洛杉矶市中心西北约40公里处。虽然山谷本身人口稠密，但西尔玛是一个更加乡村化的地区，曾以橄榄园而闻名，现在则是马场所在地。

olive

olive /ˈɒl.ɪv/ 表示“橄榄；橄榄树”，英文解释为“a small bitter green or black fruit that is eaten or used to produce oil, or a Mediterranean tree on which this fruit grows”如：olive groves 橄榄树丛。

orchard

orchard /ˈɔː.tʃəd/ 表示“果园”，英文解释为“an area of land where fruit trees (but not orange trees or other citrus trees) are grown”如：an apple/cherry orchard 苹果/樱桃园。

How many homes have been destroyed? 有多少房屋被毁？

The Palisades fire has destroyed more than 1,000 homes, officials said on Wednesday, and another 15,000 structures were at risk. The fire has alsorazedseveral beloved local institutions, including the Malibu Feed Bin, which had sold pet supplies and gifts since 1966, and Palisades Charter High School, thealma materof numerous celebrities as well as the filming location of many TV shows, including “Modern Family.”

官员周三表示，帕利塞德大火已烧毁1000多栋房屋，另有1.5万栋建筑处于危险之中。大火还烧毁了当地几处深受人们喜爱的场所，包括自1966年以来一直销售宠物用品和礼品的Malibu Feed Bin和帕利塞德特许高中，后者是众多名人的母校，也是《摩登家庭》(Modern Family)等多部电视剧的拍摄地。

raze

raze /reɪz/ 表示“把（城市、建筑物等）夷为平地；彻底摧毁”，英文解释为“to completely destroy a city, building, etc.”举个🌰：The town was razed to the ground in the bombing raid - not a building was left standing. 整个城镇在空袭中被夷为平地——没有一座建筑物幸存。

📍raze /reɪz/ 这个词与“raise”发音相同，但意思完全相反。想象为了建新的购物中心，旧的建筑被“彻底摧毁”。近义词：demolish（拆除），常用短语：raze to the ground（夷为平地）

alma mater

alma mater /ˌæl.məˈmɑː.tər/ 表示“母校”，英文解释为“the school, college, or university where you studied”

The Eaton fire has so far burned about 100 homes, officials said. Flames had seriously damaged at least part of the Pasadena Jewish Temple and Center, which has been operating for more than a century.

官员称，伊顿大火迄今已烧毁了约100栋房屋。大火严重损坏了有百年历史的帕萨迪纳犹太教堂和中心的至少一部分建筑。

The damage caused by the Hurst fire remains unclear.

赫斯特大火造成的损失尚不清楚。

Have there been anyfatalities? 有人员死亡吗？

The Eaton fire killed five people, fire officials say. While there haven't been any fatalities reported from the Palisades fire, there have been a “high number of significant injuries” among people who didn't evacuate their homes when they should have, said Anthony C. Marrone, the fire chief for Los Angeles County.

消防官员称，伊顿大火已造成五人死亡。洛杉矶县消防局局长安东尼·C·马罗内表示，虽然帕利塞德大火没有造成人员死亡，但有“大量人员因未在该撤离时离开家园而受重伤”。

fatality

表示“（事故或暴力事件中的）死亡，死者”，英文解释为“a death caused by an accident or by violence, or someone who has died in either of these ways”举个🌰：There are thousands of traffic fatalities (= deaths in traffic accidents) every year. 每年因交通事故有数千人死亡。

- 词汇盘点 -

rage、 coastal、 stretch、 contain、 scorch、 evacuation、 iconic、 mansion、 bluff、 tract、 ground、 blaze、 snowcapped、 nestle、 olive、 orchard、 raze、 alma mater

- 词汇助记 By ChatGPT -

A coastal blaze scorched tracts of olive orchards, razed an iconic mansion, and prompted evacuations. Snowcapped peaks nestled beyond the bluff contained the flames, saving the alma mater—a resilient landmark on this fiery stretch of ground.

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