自贸试验区的制度性创新，既有准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理模式、跨境服务贸易负面清单、国际贸易“单一窗口”等根本性的制度变革，也有围绕海关通关一体化等领域的系统性制度创新，还有工程建设项目审批等领域的全流程制度优化。
The institutional innovation of the Pilot Free Trade Zone (FTZ) includes fundamental institutional changes such as the national treatment plus negative lists for foreign investment access, the negative list of cross-border service trade, and international trade single window, systematic institutional innovation around customs clearance integration and other fields, and optimization of the whole process system in the fields of engineering construction project approval.
商务部在2024年1月，集中发布了47项自贸试验区制度创新成果。迄今，国家层面已累计推广349项自贸试验区制度创新成果。
In January 2024, the Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) released 47 institutional innovations in the Pilot FTZ. Up to now, 349 institutional innovations in the Pilot FTZ have been promoted at the national level.
上海自贸试验区率先在全国探索
实施了一系列制度创新
Shanghai Pilot FTZ lead in implementing
a series of institutional innovations throughout
the country
自贸试验区的制度创新成果可以分为八大类型：一是投资自由化便利化，二是贸易便利化和内外贸一体化，三是金融开放创新,四是产业开放发展,五是全过程多领域监管,六是要素资源保障服务,七是区域联动创新,八是自贸试验区管理体制机制创新。
The institutional innovation achievements of the Pilot FTZ can be divided into eight types: first, investment liberalization and facilitation; second, trade facilitation and integration of domestic and foreign trade; third, financial opening up and innovation; fourth, industrial opening up and development; fifth, multi-field supervision in the whole process; sixth, factor resource guarantee services; seventh, regional linkage innovation; and eighth, management system and mechanism innovation of the Pilot FTZ.
上海自贸试验区率先在全国探索实施的制度创新，包括四个方面：
Shanghai Pilot FTZ takes the lead in exploring and implementing institutional innovation in the whole country, including four aspects:
一是率先实施外商投资准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理模式，推动外商投资管理体制实现历史性变革。在自贸试验区设立之前，外资管理采用“逐案审批”，外国投资企业设立及变更程序繁琐，一般耗时3个月左右。为加强开放压力测试，2013年9月，上海自贸试验区设立当月，历史性地推出我国第一张外商投资准入负面清单，涉及18个行业，共190条特别管理措施。
First, take the lead in implementing the national treatment plus negative list management mode before foreign investment access, and promote the historic change of foreign investment management system. Before the establishment of the Pilot FTZ, foreign investment management adopted "case-by-case examination and approval". The procedures for the establishment and change of foreign-invested enterprises were cumbersome, which usually took about three months. In order to strengthen the opening-up stress test, in September 2013, the month when Shanghai Pilot FTZ was established, the first negative list of foreign investment access in China was historically launched, involving 18 industries and 190 special management measures.
二是率先建立以国际贸易“单一窗口”、高效便利海关监管为核心的贸易管理模式。经过不断完善，“单一窗口”已覆盖海关、检验检疫、海事、边检、商务、税务、外汇等20多个贸易监管部门，功能覆盖国际贸易主要环节、主要进出境商品、主要出入境运输工具、金融、退税、结付汇、信保服务等领域。
Second, take the lead in establishing a trade management mode with international trade single window and efficient and convenient customs supervision as the core. After continuous improvement, international trade single window has covered more than 20 trade supervision departments including customs, inspection and quarantine, maritime affairs, border inspection, commerce, taxation, and foreign exchange, and its functions cover major links of international trade, major inbound and outbound commodities, major inbound and outbound means of transport, finance, tax refund, settlement and payment of foreign exchange, credit insurance services and other fields.
三是率先实施“证照分离”等一系列政府管理改革，促进营商环境改善和政府职能加快转变。从“先照后证”到“证照分离”，解决“办照容易办证难”和“准入不准营”问题，改革方式被形象地称为“进四扇门〞，即直接取消审批、审批改为备案、实行告知承诺、优化准入服务。
Third, take the lead in implementing a series of government management reforms such as "separating operating permits and business licenses" to promote the improvement of business environment and accelerate the transformation of government functions. From "license before permits" to "separating operating permits and business licenses", to solve the problems of "easy application for license, difficult for permits" and "easy access but no operating permit", the reform method is vividly described as "entering four doors", that is, canceling the examination and approval directly, changing the examination and approval to filing, implementing the notification commitment, and optimizing the access service.
四是率先探索自由贸易账户等一批开创性举措，金融开放创新稳步突破。上海自贸试验区率先探索试点自由贸易账户体系，建立了“一线审慎监管、二线有限渗透”的资金跨境流动管理模式，打通了企业境外融资渠道，降低了融资成本。2021年8月，国务院出台的《关于推进自由贸易试验区贸易投资便利化改革创新的若干措施》明确提出，“开展本外币合一银行帐户体系试点;实现本币账户与外币账户在开立、变更和撒销等方面标准、规则和流程统一”，为继续探索本外币合一银行账户体系试点提供了政策依据。
Fourth, take the lead in exploring a number of pioneering measures such as free trade accounts, and made steady breakthroughs in financial opening up and innovation. Shanghai Pilot FTZ took the lead in exploring the pilot free trade account system, and established a cross-border capital flow management mode of "front-line prudent supervision and second-line limited penetration", which opened up overseas financing channels for enterprises and reduced financing costs. In August 2021, the State Council promulgated Several Measures on Promoting the Reform and Innovation of Trade and Investment Facilitation in Pilot Free Trade Zones, which clearly stated that "the pilot of the bank account system integrating local and foreign currencies should be carried out to realize the unification of standards, rules, and procedures in opening, changing, and canceling local and foreign currency accounts", which provided a policy basis for continuing to explore the pilot of the bank account system integrating local and foreign currencies.
上海自贸试验区的制度创新成果显著。截至2023年，上海率先施行的自贸试验区外商投资准入负面清单经过7次缩减，条目由190项缩减到现在的27项，制造业条目已经归零，外商投资准入的开放水平迈上新台阶。上海自贸试验区累计新设企业8.4万户，新设外资项目超1.4万个，累计实到外资586亿美元。上海自贸试验区把制度创新与上海特色优势产业紧密结合，推动形成了上海新能源和智能网联汽车、电子信息、生物医药等世界级产业集群。
Shanghai Pilot FTZ has made remarkable achievements in institutional innovation. As of 2023, the negative list of foreign investment access in the Pilot FTZ, which was first implemented in Shanghai, has been reduced seven times, from 190 items to 27 items at present, and the manufacturing items have reduced to zero, making the opening-up level of foreign investment access to a new level. There are 84,000 new enterprises and over 14,000 new foreign investment projects in Shanghai Pilot FTZ, with accumulated foreign investment of 58.6 billion US dollars. Shanghai Pilot FTZ closely integrate institutional innovation with Shanghai's characteristic and advantageous industries, and promotes the formation of Shanghai's world-class industrial clusters including new energy and intelligent networked automobiles, electronic information, and biomedicine.
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来源：“投资上海”杂志
