八年坐在总理旁：“翻译女神”金句再度惊艳两会_

周艾琳／文

在翻译界中有一句“古训”——真正好的翻译就是让你感受不到他／她的存在。然而，如果一名美女译员一连八年坐在总理身旁，且形神兼备地将总理的每一句金句向全球观众实时传递，那么这样的译员或许很难不受到大家的关注。

3月15日， “两会”在李克强总理答中外记者问后接近尾声，与往常一样，总理仍是金句不断，而译员张璐则在接近2小时的记者会上几乎无瑕疵地完成了使命。她历届的两会口译案例几乎成为了每一个外交部译员和高翻学院学生的经典训练教材。

2015年的3月15日，总理记者会上的那句“壮士断腕”曾经传遍大街小巷，张璐形神兼备的翻译也因此一炮而红。

“简政放权是政府的自我革命，削权是要触动利益的，它不是剪指甲，是割腕，忍痛也得下刀。”

The pain (of reform) is still there and is becoming more acute. The government is reforming itself. Vested interests will be upset. This is not nail-clipping but taking a knife to one's own flesh. We are determined to keep going until the job is done.

张璐出生于1977年，是外交学院国际法系1996级学生。2000年，毕业后因兴趣改行做了高级翻译，后又在伦敦一所大学学习外交学专业，获得硕士学位。现任外交部翻译室英文处副处长，高级翻译。截至2017年3月，张璐已连续8年在总理记者会上担任翻译。

2017年总理答中外记者问金句翻译：

以“翻跟斗”比喻中国经济放缓

增长6.5%这个速度不低了，也很不容易。我曾经在中国少林寺陪同外宾看过武僧表演，几岁的小武僧一口气翻十几个跟头不费劲，而练过十几年武功的青年武僧翻三五个跟头就了不得了，主要是块头大了。

I should point out that 6.5 percent is not a low speed, and would not be easy to meet. I once watched a martial art performance in the Shaolin Temple, during which a child monk would be able to do a dozen of somersaults at one roll quite easily, but it would be unachievable for some adult monks, because of the difference in their sizes.

中美贸易顺差：坐下来谈

虽然中方是贸易顺差，但是企业生产的产品利润90%以上是美国企业拿走了，中国的生产企业拿到的利润最低只有2%—3%......当然，各方的统计方法可能不一，没关系，我们坐下来谈，总是会有共识，即便一时达不成共识，可以搁置分歧，智者的办法是扩大共同利益，分歧点所占比例就会更小。

Although China runs a surplus in its trade against the US, but a delegate from a foreign trade company told me that the truth was over 90% of profit went to the US, but the profit margin for his company was a mere 2-3%.

We may have different statistical methods, but I believe whatever differences we may have, we can always sit down and talk to each other and work together to find solutions. For those problems that cannot be resolved for the time being or anytime soon, they can be shelved. Instead, we can focus on extending our common interests. If we do so, the percentage of the differences between the China and US government will continuously come down.

不以邻为壑、不越俎代庖

全球化和世界的和平发展合作是一体的、不可分的。关起门来或以邻为壑，解决不了问题……关于区域的自由贸易安排，涉及中国的，有条件的，我们持开放态度，愿意去进行推动。我们不会越俎代庖，不会超越区域去做不应是中国做的事情。

Globalization and the peaceful development of the world are indivisible. We believe that to take a closed-door policy or beggar-thy-neighbor approach will do no good to China… We would work with other countries to push forward regional free trade arrangements, but China will not over-reach itself where its due role is not in place.

简政放权：自我革命，刀刃向内

简政放权核心是要转变政府职能……因此，我们必须进行自我革命，刀刃向内，我一直说要用壮士断腕的精神坚韧不拔地加以推进。

Streamlining administration and delegating powers is to balance the relationship between the government and the market, which cannot be finished overnight.

This is a self-targeted reform at the government and we are full determined to push it forward until our job is done no matter what obstacles or resistance we may encounter.

简言之，就是要向依法依规的市场主体发出“前行、前行、再前行”的信号；向依靠劳动创业创新者亮起“可以、可以、再可以”的绿灯；对那些违法违规不良行为，就要及时亮出黄牌，甚至出红牌罚他下场。

In a nutshell, what the government should do is to send a resounding message of “YES” to all law-abiding market entities, to give a green light of “Go-ahead” to these hard-working innovators, and to seriously deal with those who violate laws by showing them resolutely yellow card of warning, or even red card to send them out of the market.

中国“硬着陆论”可以熄灭了

这几年，我一直听到中国经济会硬着陆的声音，可以说不绝于耳。去年在世界经济和贸易增长出现7年来增速最低的情况下，中国仍然保持中高速增长。这几年的实践可以证明，中国经济“硬着陆”论可以休矣。

Over the years, almost every year I heard the prediction of Chinese economy facing a hard-landing, but I believe the fact that we still maintain median to high growth in spite of the world economy and trade growth hitting a 7-year low, should suffice to put such “hard-landing” prophecy to a full stop.

在过去几年的两会期间，总理也有很多金句广为流传：

我们不搞“大水漫灌”式的强刺激，而是持续推动结构性改革。

Rather than adopting strong stimulus policies that would have an economy-wide impact, we continued to move forward with structural reform.

以权谋公而不能谋私。

Government power can only be used for public good not for personal gains.

我想站在“互联网+”的风口上顺势而为，会使中国经济飞起来。

I believe with the tail wind generated by our Internet Plus strategy, we will be able to bring Chinese economy off to a new level.

高手在民间，破茧就可以出蚕。

I believe there are a lot of people with brilliant talent among the people, and we must lift all the restrictions so they can bring their talent to best use.

环保法的执行，不是棉花棒，是杀手锏。

We must ensure that the law will work as a powerful and effective tool in fighting pollution instead of being soft as cotton stick.

并不是中国向世界输出了通缩，你说叫“输出者”，实际上我们是“被通缩”。

Although the consumer price level has fallen quite low in China recently, the country is not the exporter of deflation to the world. Actually, China is "being deflated".

要说中国搭便车，中国这么大块头，搭谁的便车？中国是和大家一起在推车。

Talking about China’s free riding, for such a big country as ours, how could it be easy for it to get a free ride on anybody’s train? What China is doing is working with other countries in pursuit of common progress.

中美经贸关系会更加密切，这个中美关系的“压舱石”会更沉更稳。

China-US business ties will get even closer and it will put the overall China-US relationship on more solid footing.

不仅如此，高级翻译的必修课其实还包括古诗词翻译，不少高翻学院甚至会用《古文观止》作为英语课的教材。早前温家宝总理对于古诗词的喜爱众人皆知，而李克强总理则胜在金句。如果没有日复一日的训练和记忆，译员很难在高压场合应对自如。

张璐古诗词翻译欣赏：

1. 华山再高，顶有过路。

No matter how high the mountain is, one can always ascend to its top.

2. 人或加讪，心无疵兮。

My conscience stays untainted in spite of rumors and slanders from the outside.

3. 兄弟虽有小忿，不废懿亲。

Differences between brothers can not sever their blood ties.

4. 亦余心之所善兮，虽九死其尤未悔。

For the ideal that I hold dear to my heart, I'd not regret a thousand times to die.

5. 守职而不废，处义而不回。

I will not waver and carry out my duties, and will remain true to my conviction.

6. 入则恳恳以尽忠，出则谦谦以自悔。

Officials should serve as loyal as they can conscientiously when they are in office and engage in modest self-reflection when their terms end.

7. 知我罪我，其惟春秋。

There are people who will appreciate what I have done but there are also people who will criticize me, ultimately, history will have the final say.

8. 苟利国家生死以，岂因祸福避趋之。

In line with the conviction that I will do whatever it takes to serve my country even at the cost of my own life, regardless of fortune or misfortune to myself.

9. 行百里者半九十。

Half of the people who have embarked on a one hundred mile journey may fall by the wayside.

10. 人或加讪，心无疵兮。

My conscience stays untainted inspite of rumors and slanders from the outside.

当然，外交部一向人才辈出。例如习大大的“贴身翻译”孙宁就是一例，他也就是当年“习奥会”的中方随行翻译。

此前，他也在2016年两会担任王毅部长的口译员，当时是中国举办G20峰会的关键年。不仅王毅部长在面对外媒的尖钻提问时回答得不亢不卑，也不失风趣，孙宁形神兼备的翻译也为整场发布会增色不少。

很多外媒的中文水平其实很高，但他们仍需要听一遍英语翻译来核对内容，因此优秀的译员起到了关键作用。

孙宁的经典翻译案例（2016年王毅外长记者会）

>>有关G20

让G20从杭州再出发，让世界经济从中国再出发。

Hangzhou will be a new launch pad of G20, and China will be a new launch pad for the world economy.

>>有关菲律宾南海申诉案

有人兴风作浪，还有人炫耀武力……历史终将证明，谁只是匆匆过客，谁才是真正的主人。

Some people are trying to make wave （in the South China Sea） and some others are showing their force. However, like the tide that comes and goes, these attempts will not make any impact.

>>有关中日关系

日本政府和领导人，一方面不断地声称要改善日中关系，一方面又不断到处给中国找麻烦。这实际上是一种典型的“双面人”的做法。

On one hand, the Japanese government and leaders say all the nice things about wanting to improve relations, but on the other hand, they are making trouble for China at every turn. This is what I would call a typical case of "double dealing".

颇为有趣的是，孙宁的妻子张蕾也在外交部。

张蕾1993年入读杭州外国语学校，1999年被保送北京外国语大学，大学毕业后进入外交部，她也因为一次精妙的翻译被称“任性姐”。

在2015年全国政协十二届三次会议的新闻发布会上，大会新闻发言人吕新华回答香港卫视记者关于反腐问题时，答了一句“大家都很任性”，让现场记者为这位翻译捏了把汗。没想到美女翻译转过头来与吕新华交流，确认是“任性”后，吐出一个非常精准的英文单词capricious。此词的原意为“多变的，变幻莫测的，反复无常的”。

其实，这样随机应变的例子不胜枚举，至于是如何做到的，唯有勤于积累，肯下苦功。

还记得大学时听自己的老师做过一场讲座，这场讲座将译员的“勤”说得淋漓尽致。当时老师讲了他与恩师陆谷孙的一段趣事。去年驾鹤西去的陆谷孙被大家称为“老神仙”，是复旦大学外文学院院长，也是《英汉大字典》的主编。

老师说：“以前我在复旦读书的时候，师从陆谷孙老师。陆老师在《英美散文》课上，给出一个词后让大家讲有多少种同义词；我讲出了12个，他说：12个你就可以做我的学生了吗？（笑声）一转身，回到黑板上马上5分钟写下了72个同义词。最绝的还不是这个，他说：你们大家都记下来了吧，请个同学讲一下72个词的区别。陆老师那个时候非常飘逸地走来走去，这个词、那个词......直到他非常得意地把这72个词的区别讲完。这个对我的启发非常大；后来，就是这个推动力，我把《英汉大词典》给背出来。”