希腊开始实行一周工作六天制

7月1日起，希腊部分企业将开始实行一周工作六天制，引发热议。

🤔️小作业：

1. What is the compensation for Greek workers who work on holidays under the new law?

A) 40% extra of their normal salary

B) 115% extra of their normal salary

C) 155% of their normal salary

D) 115% of their normal salary

2. What can be inferred about the global trend in workweek schedules from the passage?

A) Most countries are moving towards a six-day workweek like Greece

B) There is a significant shift towards shorter workweeks in many regions

C) The U.S. is leading the movement for a four-day workweek

D) European countries are increasing their workweek hours to match Greece

无注释原文：

Greece is moving some workers toward a 6-day workweek

From: FORTUNE

The workweek is about to get a lot longer for some employees in Greece.

Starting July 1, workers in the private sector could be going into the office six days a week—as the 48-hour workweek goes into effect.

Select industrial and manufacturing facilities, along with businesses that provide 24/7 services, are eligible to extend the workweek beyond five days under new labor laws. Food service and tourism workers are not included in the longer workweeks.

The change to the labor laws was approved last September following productivity issues in the country, which have led many workers to put in extra hours and often not be compensated for the time. Officials also note there has been a shortage of skilled workers due to a shrinking population.

Workers who do put in the extra time will receive 40% extra during the additional eight hours—and 115% of their normal salary if they work on a holiday.

Employers who decide to embrace the 48-hour workweek will be required to notify employees at least 24 hours before the shift begins. No additional overtime beyond the eight hours is allowed.

The new rules were not met with widespread acceptance ahead of their approval. The day before the bill was passed, public sector workers, such as teachers, doctors, and transportation workers, walked off the job in protest, calling the overhaul an affront to workers' rights that could create “barbaric” conditions.

Workers in Greece already work more than those in the U.S. and most of Europe. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) notes Greeks worked an average of 1,886 hours in 2022, compared to 1,811 in the U.S. and the European Union average of 1,571.

Greece's unorthodox approach to labor comes as many other regions are experimenting with a four-day workweek. Last year, the results of the world's largest trial of the shorter schedule showed workers who put in four days were just as productive as they were during a five-day week. The nonprofit that ran the pilot program called it a “resounding success on virtually every dimension.”

Last March, one member of California's legislature floated legislation for a 32-hour workweek to become national law, with the backing of the AFL-CIO and the Economic Policy Institute. The bill failed to find traction.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Greece is moving some workers toward a 6-day workweek

From: FORTUNE

The workweek is about to get a lot longer for some employees in Greece.

希腊的一些员工即将迎来更长的工作周。

Starting July 1, workers inthe private sectorcould be going into the office six days a week—as the 48-hour workweek goes into effect.

从7月1日起，私营企业员工每周可能每周要工作六天——因为48小时工作周将正式实施。

the private sector

the private sector /ˈpraɪ.vət ˌsek.tər/ 表示“私营部门；（国家经济的）私营部分”，英文解释为“businesses and industries that are not owned or controlled by the government”举个🌰：60 percent of recent graduates are working in the private sector. 百分之六十的毕业生在私营部门工作。

Select industrial andmanufacturing facilities, along with businesses that provide 24/7 services, areeligibleto extend the workweek beyond five days under new labor laws. Food service and tourism workers are not included in the longer workweeks.

根据新的劳动法，部分工业和制造业基地以及提供全天候服务的企业，有资格将每周工作时间延长至五天以上。餐饮服务和旅游业的员工不包括在内。

manufacturing

manufacturing /ˌmæn.jəˈfæk.tʃə.rɪŋ/ 表示“制造业（大批量生产商品的行业）”，英文解释为“the business of producing goods in large numbers”如：car manufacturing 汽车制造。

facility

facility /fəˈsɪl.ə.ti/ 除了表示“设备，设施”，也可以指“（尤指包含多个建筑物，有特定用途的）场所”，英文解释为“a place, especially including buildings, where a particular activity happens”如：a new sports facility 新的运动场所。

eligible

1）表示“有资格的；合格的；具备条件的”，英文解释为“a person who is eligible for sth or to do sth, is able to have or do it because they have the right qualifications, are the right age, etc.”举个🌰：Only those over 70 are eligible for the special payment. 只有70岁以上的人才有资格领取这项专款。

2）还有一个好玩的意思，表示“（指结婚对象）令人中意的；合意的，合适的”，英文解释为“An eligible man or woman is not yet married and is thought by many people to be a suitable partner.”举个🌰：He's the most eligible bachelor in Japan. 他是日本最令人中意的单身汉。

🎬电影《我要当警察》（Observe And Report）中的台词提到：There are several tests to complete in order to be eligible for police academy 想要进警校 得通过几项测试。

The change to the labor laws was approved last September following productivity issues in the country, which have led many workers to put in extra hours and often not becompensatedfor the time. Officials also note there has been a shortage of skilled workers due to ashrinkingpopulation.

由于希腊的生产力问题，许多员工不得不加班且通常没有得到相应的报酬，因此去年9月批准了劳动法的修改。官员们还指出，由于人口减少，技术工人短缺。

compensate

compensate /ˈkɒm.pən.seɪt/ 表示“弥补，补偿，抵消”，英文解释为“to provide something good or useful in place of something or to make someone feel better about something that has failed or been lost or missed”举个🌰：Nothing will ever compensate for his lost childhood. 什么也不能弥补他失去的童年。

shrink

shrink /ʃrɪŋk/ 表示“（使）缩小，（使）变小”，英文解释为“to become smaller, or to make something smaller”举个🌰：Your sweater will shrink if you wash it at too high a temperature. 用温度过高的水洗毛衣，毛衣会缩水。

Workers who do put in the extra time will receive 40% extra during the additional eight hours—and 115% of their normal salary if they work on a holiday.

那些每周要工作六天的员工将获得40%的额外报酬——如果在节假日工作，他们将获得正常工资的115%。

Employers who decide toembracethe 48-hour workweek will be required tonotifyemployees at least 24 hours before theshiftbegins. No additional overtime beyond the eight hours is allowed.

决定实行48小时工作周的雇主必须在轮班开始前至少24小时通知员工。除了这额外的八小时之外，不允许再加班。

embrace

embrace /ɪmˈbreɪs/ 1）表示“欣然接受；乐意采纳”，英文解释为“to accept something enthusiastically”举个🌰：This was an opportunity that he would embrace. 这样的机会他是求之不得的。

2）表示“抱，拥抱”，英文解释为“to hold someone tightly with both arms to express love, liking, or sympathy, or when greeting or leaving someone”举个🌰：She saw them embrace on the station platform. 她看到他们在站台上拥抱。

notify

notify /ˈnəʊ.tɪ.faɪ/ 表示“（正式）通知，告知”，英文解释为“to tell someone officially about something”举个🌰：The school is required to notify parents if their children fail to come to school. 如果孩子没来上学，学校必须通知其家长。

shift

shift /ʃɪft/ 作名词，表示“班；轮班；轮班工作时间”，英文解释为“a period of time worked by a group of workers who start work as another group finishes”，如：to be on the day/night shift at the factory 在工厂上日班/夜班，to work an eight-hour shift 按每班八小时轮班工作，working in shifts 轮班工作。

The new rules were not met with widespread acceptance ahead of their approval. The day before the bill was passed, public sector workers, such as teachers, doctors, and transportation workers,walked off the jobin protest, calling theoverhaulanaffrontto workers' rights that could create “barbaric” conditions.

新规定在获批前并未得到广泛认可。在法案通过的前一天，教师、医生和运输工人等公职人员罢工抗议，称这项改革是对员工权利的侮辱，可能会造就“恶劣”的工作条件。

walk off the job

表示“罢工”，英文解释为“to stop working and refuse to continue doing your job until your employer agrees to what you want”

overhaul

overhaul /ˈəʊ.və.hɔːl/ 可以作动词也可以作名词，表示“彻底检修，大修；改造；改进”，英文解释为“to repair or improve something so that every part of it works as it should”举个🌰：I got the engine overhauled. 我彻底检修了发动机。

affront

affront /əˈfrʌnt/ 可以作动词，也可以作名词，表示“侮辱；冒犯”，英文解释为“If something affronts you, you feel insulted and hurt because of it.”举个🌰：I was most affronted by his comments. 他的话是对我的极端侮辱。It's an affront to human dignity to KEEP someone alive like this. 让一个人如此活着是对人类尊严的一种侮辱。

📺美剧《纸牌屋》（House of Cards）第1季第11集的台词提到：I think he'd take it as an affront, 我想他会很受冒犯，

barbaric

barbaric /bɑːrˈber.ɪk/ 表示“残酷的；野蛮的”，英文解释为“If you describe someone's behaviour as barbaric, you strongly disapprove of it because you think that it is extremely cruel or uncivilized.”举个🌰：This barbaric treatment of animals has no place in any decent society. 对动物的这种虐待在任何文明的社会里都是无法容忍的。

Workers in Greece already work more than those in the U.S. and most of Europe. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) notes Greeks worked an average of 1,886 hours in 2022, compared to 1,811 in the U.S. and the European Union average of 1,571.

希腊员工的工作强度已经超过了美国和欧洲大部分国家。经济合作与发展组织（OECD）指出，2022年希腊人平均工作时间为1886小时，而美国人平均工作时间为1811小时，欧盟的人平均工作时间为1571小时。

Greece'sunorthodoxapproach to labor comes as many other regions are experimenting with a four-day workweek. Last year, the results of the world's largesttrialof the shorter schedule showed workers who put in four days were just as productive as they were during a five-day week. The nonprofit that ran the pilot program called it a “resoundingsuccess on virtually everydimension.”

当其他地区正在试验四天工作周时，希腊采取了不同寻常的做法。去年，全球最大规模的四天工作周试验结果显示，每周工作四天的员工工作效率与每周工作五天的一样。负责该试验项目的非营利组织称其“几乎在所有方面都取得了巨大成功。”

unorthodox

unorthodox /ʌnˈɔːθəˌdɒks/ 表示“非正统的；非传统的；不正规的”，英文解释为“different from what is usual or expected in behaviour, ideas, methods, etc.”举个🌰：He was recognized as an original if unorthodox thinker. 他被认为是一位离经叛道但富有创新精神的思想家。

trial

trial /traɪəl/ 1）表示“审讯，审理，审判”，英文解释为“A trial is a formal meeting in a law court, at which a judge and jury listen to evidence and decide whether a person is guilty of a crime.”举个🌰：I have the right to a trial with a jury of my peers. 我有权要求由和我一样的平民组成的陪审团参加审判。

2）表示“（对能力、质量、性能等的）试验，试用”，英文解释为“the process of testing the ability, quality or performance of sb/sth, especially before you make a final decision about them”。

区分：

📍trail作名词则表示“小路，小径”，如：a forest/mountain trail 林间/山间小道，以及“臭迹；踪迹；痕迹；蛛丝马迹，线索”等意思（the smell or series of marks left by a person, animal, or thing as it moves along；various pieces of information that together show where someone you are searching for has gone）举个🌰：The dogs are trained to follow the trail left by the fox. 这些狗经过特别的训练，能够追踪狐狸留下的气味。

resounding

resounding /rɪˈzaʊn.dɪŋ/ 1）表示“巨大的”，英文解释为“very great”举个🌰：The plan was a resounding success/failure. 这个计划非常成功/是个巨大的败笔。

2）表示“响亮的，洪亮的”，举个🌰 Supporters gave the team three resounding cheers. 助阵的球迷们三次为球队大声呐喊加油。

dimension

dimension /ˌdaɪˈmen.ʃən/ 表示“层面，维度；特点”，英文解释为“a part or feature or way of considering something”举个🌰：His personality has several dimensions. 他是个有多重性格的人。

Last March, one member of California'slegislature floated legislationfor a 32-hour workweek to become national law, with the backing of the AFL-CIO and the Economic Policy Institute. The bill failed to findtraction.

去年3月，在美国劳工联合会-产业工会联合会（AFL-CIO）和经济政策研究所（Economic Policy Institute）的支持下，加利福尼亚州立法机构的一名议员提出将32小时工作周立法变为全国性法律。该法案未能获批。

legislature

legislature /ˈledʒ.ɪ.slə.tʃʊər/ 表示“立法机构”，英文解释为“the group of people in a country or part of a country who have the power to make and change laws”

float

float /fləʊt/ 作名词，表示“彩车，花车”，英文解释为“a large vehicle with a flat surface that is decorated and used in festivals”如：carnival floats 狂欢节彩车。

作动词，1）表示“漂浮”，英文解释为“to stay on the surface of a liquid and not sink”举个🌰：An empty bottle will float. 空瓶子能浮起来。

2）表示“（使）漂流；（使）浮动；（使）飘动；（使）飘移”，英文解释为“to (cause to) move easily through, or along the surface of a liquid, or to (cause to) move easily through air”举个🌰：We spent a lazy afternoon floating down/along the river. 我们沿河漂流而下，懒洋洋的度过了一个下午。

3）熟词僻义，表示“提出，提请考虑（想法或计划）”，英文解释为“to suggest an idea or a plan for other people to consider”举个🌰：They floated the idea of increased taxes on alcohol. 他们建议提高酒税。

🎬电影《阿罗哈》（Aloha）中的台词提到：And frankly, just floating the idea of you and me as a couple... 坦白讲 只要随便想想如果我们成了一对的话...

📍2020年，侃爷宣布竞选美国总统文中卫报（The Guardian）也用了这个词：Indeed, the rapper has floated the idea of running for president before. 事实上，这位说唱歌手之前就提出过竞选总统的想法。

legislation

legislation /ˌledʒ.ɪˈsleɪ.ʃən/ 表示“法律；立法”，英文解释为“a law or set of laws suggested by a government and made official by a parliament”举个🌰：The government has promised to introduce legislation to limit fuel emissions from cars. 政府许诺将通过立法来限制汽车尾气排放。

traction

traction /ˈtræk.ʃən/ 1）表示“拖拉，牵引；牵引力”，英文解释为“the pulling of a heavy load over a surface, or the power used in this”

2）表示“（观点或产品等）变得流行（或被接受）”，英文解释为“the fact of an idea, product, etc. becoming popular or being accepted”举个🌰：In our digital age, it takes less time for new words and phrases to gain traction than it did in the past. 在当前数码时代，新词或词组流行起来要过去快得多。

- 词汇盘点 -

the private sector、 manufacturing、 facility、 eligible、 compensate、 shrink、 embrace、 notify、 shift、 walk off the job、 overhaul、 affront、 barbaric、 unorthodox、 trial、 resounding、 dimension、 legislature、 float、 legislation、 traction

- 词汇助记 By ChatGPT -

In the private sector manufacturing facility, eligible workers walked off the job to compensate for unsafe conditions. The overhaul of policies was a resounding affront to barbaric practices, embracing unorthodox legislation for legislative traction.

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