研究发现懂得感恩的人更长寿

近日，哈佛大学的一项新研究发现，践行感恩不仅能带来即时的幸福感，还可能延长寿命。

🤔️小作业：

1. Which of the following aspects did the study claim to be conservative about when measuring the impact of gratitude?

A) The diverse professional backgrounds of participants.

B) The influence of external factors.

C) The age range of participants.

D) The variety of health conditions monitored.

2. Which statement best summarizes the potential drawbacks of the study as mentioned in the passage?

A) The study was too short to draw any meaningful conclusions.

B) The study's findings cannot be generalized to the entire population.

C) The gratitude questionnaire was not detailed enough.

D) The study focused too much on cardiovascular disease.

无注释原文：

Gratitude can help you live longer, study finds

From: Women's Health

As well as spiking happy feelings in the present, practising gratitude could come with the serious long-term benefits of extending your lifespan, new research has found. The work, published by researchers at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, is the first study to collect data on the relationship between gratitude and mortality.

How was the research conducted?

Using data from the Nurses' Health Study of over 49,000 mature women, researchers observed that those whose scores were in the highest third of a gratitude questionnaire had a 9% lower risk of all-cause mortality than those who scored in the bottom third, particularly when it came to cardiovascular disease (conditions affecting your heart and blood vessels, including heart disease and heart attacks).

Participants were required to complete the six-item gratitude questionnaire in 2016 – when the average participant age was 79 – by agreeing or disagreeing with statements such as, 'I have so much in life to be thankful for' and, 'If I had to list everything that I felt grateful for, it would be a very long list'.

In 2019, the team then followed up to check if any deaths had occurred and what the reasons were, ranging from all-cause mortality to the more specific cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory disease, neurodegenerative disease, infection, and injury. Of the 4,608 deaths over the study period, cardiovascular disease was the most common cause.

What are the study's possible drawbacks?

To quantify gratitude's impact on life length accurately, the study claims that it was 'conservative' in its approach when taking into account other criteria like social participation, religious involvement and optimism, which often overlap with gratitude. In other words, there is the caveat that those who are grateful are probably also actively involved in aspects of community life that promote healthy ageing by fostering stronger relationships. Indeed, a study published in the journal Social Science & Medicine has shown that continuing to invest in mutual and trusting social ties is linked to longevity and – as another study suggested – lower levels of functional decline.

Plus, data was exclusively gathered from nurses, meaning that the full scope of a possible impact of gratitude on other lifestyles and professions wasn't examined.

'Prior research indicates that there are ways of intentionally fostering gratitude, such as writing down or discussing what you are grateful for a few times a week,' said lead author Ying Chen, research scientist in the Department of Epidemiology. 'Promoting healthy aging is a public health priority, and we hope further studies will improve our understanding of gratitude as psychological resource for enhancing longevity.'

- ◆ -

注：中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Gratitude can help you live longer, study finds

From: Women's Health

As well asspikinghappy feelings in the present, practising gratitude could come with the serious long-term benefits of extending your lifespan, new research has found. The work, published by researchers at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, is the first study to collect data on the relationship between gratitude andmortality.

新研究发现，践行感恩不仅能带来即时的幸福感，还可能延长寿命。这项研究由哈佛大学陈曾熙公共卫生学院（the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health）的研究人员发表，是第一项收集感恩与死亡率之间关系数据的研究。

spike

spike /spaɪk/ 在年度词汇盘点文章中基本都会出现这个词，1）作名词，可以理解为“峰值”或者“激增；猛增；急升”，英文解释为“a sharp increase in the magnitude or concentration of something”如：a spike in oil prices 油价的急剧上涨。

2）也可以作动词，同样表示“激增”，英文解释为“if the number or rate of something spikes, it increases quickly and by a large amount ”举个🌰：New orders have spiked in the last two years. 新订单在过去两年里激增。

3）作名词，表示“尖头，尖刺；（尤指金属的）尖状物”，英文解释为“a narrow, thin shape with a sharp point at one end, or something, especially a piece of metal, with this shape”

4）spikes表示“（某些运动鞋上的）防滑鞋钉；钉鞋”，英文解释为“a set of short, pointed pieces of metal or plastic, attached to the bottom of shoes worn for particular sports, that stop the person wearing the shoes from sliding on the ground, or shoes with these pointed pieces”

mortality

mortality /mɔːˈtælɪtɪ/ 表示“死亡数量；死亡率”，英文解释为“the number of deaths in a particular situation or period of time”。

区分：

📍morbidity /mɔːˈbɪdɪtɪ/ 表示“发病（率）”，英文解释为“the morbidity of a disease is how many people have it in a particular population”。

How was the research conducted? 研究是如何进行的？

Using data from the Nurses' Health Study of over 49,000 mature women, researchers observed that those whose scores were in the highest third of a gratitudequestionnairehad a 9% lower risk ofall-cause mortalitythan those who scored in the bottom third, particularly when it came tocardiovasculardisease (conditions affecting your heart andblood vessels, including heart disease and heart attacks).

研究人员使用了来自49,000多名成年女性的护士健康研究（Nurses' Health Study）的数据。研究人员观察到，那些在感恩问卷中得分处于前三分之一的女性，其全因死亡率比得分处于后三分之一的女性低9%，尤其是在心血管疾病（影响心脏和血管的疾病，包括心脏病和心肌梗死）方面。

questionnaire

questionnaire /ˌkwes.tʃəˈneər/ 表示“问卷；情况调查表”，英文解释为“a list of questions that several people are asked so that information can be collected about something”

all-cause mortality

表示“全因死亡率；全因死亡”，英文解释为“a measurement of the number of people who die from any cause in a group of people over a period of time”

cardiovascular

cardiovascular /ˌkɑːdɪəʊˈvæskjʊlə/ 表示“心血管的”，英文解释为“Cardiovascular means relating to the heart and blood vessels.”举个🌰：Smoking places you at serious risk of cardiovascular and respiratory disease. 吸烟会严重增加罹患心血管和呼吸道疾病的风险。

blood vessel

blood vessel /ˈblʌd ˌves.əl/ 表示“血管”，英文解释为“any of the tubes through which blood flows in the body”

Participants were required to complete the six-item gratitude questionnaire in 2016 – when the average participant age was 79 – by agreeing or disagreeing with statements such as, 'I have so much in life to be thankful for' and, 'If I had to list everything that I felt grateful for, it would be a very long list'.

2016年，参与者完成了一份包含六项内容的感恩问卷，当时她们的平均年龄为79岁。问卷中包括是否同意“我有很多值得感恩的事物”和“如果让我列出所有值得感恩的事物，那将是一个很长的清单”等表述。

In 2019, the team then followed up to check if any deaths had occurred and what the reasons were, ranging from all-cause mortality to the more specific cardiovascular disease, cancer,respiratorydisease,neurodegenerativedisease, infection, and injury. Of the 4,608 deaths over the study period, cardiovascular disease was the most common cause.

2019年，研究团队对是否有人死亡以及死亡原因进行了跟进调查，调查范围包括全因死亡率以及更具体的心血管疾病、癌症、呼吸系统疾病、神经退行性疾病、感染和受伤。在研究期间死亡的4608人中，心血管疾病是最常见的原因。

respiratory

respiratory /rɪˈspɪr.ə.tər.i/ 表示“呼吸的”，英文解释为“relating to breathing”举个🌰：Smoking can cause respiratory diseases. 吸烟会导致呼吸系统疾病。

neurodegenerative

neurodegenerative /ˌnjʊə.rəʊ.dɪˈdʒen.ə.rə.tɪv/ 表示“神经组织退化的”，英文解释为“involving the nerves gradually stopping working”如：neurodegenerative disease 神经退行性疾病。

What are the study's possible drawbacks? 这项研究可能存在哪些缺陷？

Toquantifygratitude's impact on life length accurately, the study claims that it was 'conservative' in its approach when taking into account othercriterialike social participation, religious involvement and optimism, which oftenoverlapwith gratitude. In other words, there is thecaveatthat those who are grateful are probably also actively involved in aspects of community life that promote healthy ageing byfosteringstronger relationships. Indeed, a study published in the journal Social Science & Medicine has shown that continuing to invest in mutual and trusting social ties is linked tolongevityand – as another study suggested – lower levels of functional decline.

为了准确量化感恩对寿命的影响，该研究声称，在考虑到社会参与、宗教参与和乐观主义等其他因素时，其方法是“保守的”，因为这些因素往往与感恩有交集。换句话说，需要注意的是，懂得感恩的人很可能也积极参与社区生活的方方面面，而这些社区生活通过加强人际关系促进了健康的老龄化。事实上，发表在《社会科学与医学》（Social Science & Medicine）杂志上的一项研究表明，持续投入于互信的社会关系与长寿有相关性，另一项研究则表明，还能降低功能衰退水平。

quantify

quantify /ˈkwɒn.tɪ.faɪ/ 表示“以数量表述；量化；确定…的大小（或数量）”，英文解释为“to measure or judge the size or amount of something”举个🌰：It's difficult to quantify how many people will be affected by the change. 很难确定将有多少人受到该变化的影响。

conservative

conservative /kənˈsɜː.və.tɪv/ 作名词，表示“保守党，保守派”，作形容词，表示“保守的；守旧的”，英文解释为“not usually liking or trusting change, especially sudden change”如：a conservative society/outlook 保守的社会/观念。

Conservative 表示“（英国）保守党的”，英文解释为“belonging to or supporting the British political party that traditionally supports business and opposes high taxes and government involvement in industry”如：the Conservative Party 保守党，Conservative policies 保守党奉行的政策。

criteria

criterion /kraɪˈtɪərɪən/ 表示“（判断的）标准，准则，原则”，复数形式为criteria，英文解释为“A criterion is a factor on which you judge or decide something.”举个🌰：The most important criterion for entry is that applicants must design and make their own work. 参加的最重要标准就是申请人必须设计并制作自己的作品。

overlap

overlap /ˌəʊ.vəˈlæp/ 可以作名词，也可以作动词，1）表示“（活动、课程或时间）相互重叠，有共同之处”，英文解释为“If two or more activities, subjects, or periods of time overlap, they have some parts that are the same.”举个🌰：My musical tastes don't overlap with my brother's at all. 我对音乐的喜好和我弟弟完全不一样。

2）表示“（与…）交叠，（与…）部分重叠，叠盖”，英文解释为“to cover something partly by going over its edge; to cover part of the same space”举个🌰：The fence is made of panels that overlap (each other). 这个围栏是由交叠的板条搭成的。

caveat

caveat /ˈkeɪvɪˌæt/ 表示“（进一步行动前的）警告，告诫；限制条款”，英文解释为“a warning to consider something before taking any more action, or a statement that limits a more general statement”举个🌰：He agreed to the interview, with the caveat that he could approve the final article. 他答应接受访问，条件是访问稿刊登前须经他同意。

foster

foster /ˈfɒs.tər/ 作动词，表示“鼓励；促进；培养”，英文解释为“to encourage the development or growth of ideas or feelings”举个🌰：I'm trying to foster an interest in classical music in my children. 我正努力培养我的孩子们对古典音乐的兴趣。

作形容词，表示“（在有限的一段时间内）（所）收养的，（所）代养的”，英文解释为“used to refer to someone or something connected with the care of children, usually for a limited time, by someone who is not the child's legal parent”如：a foster care/home/child/mother 非亲代养/寄养家庭/代养的孩子/养母。

longevity

longevity /lɒnˈdʒev.ə.ti/ 表示“长寿，长命，持久”，英文解释为“living for a long time”举个🌰：To what do you attribute your longevity? 你的长寿归功于哪些因素？

Plus, data wasexclusivelygathered from nurses, meaning that the full scope of a possible impact of gratitude on other lifestyles and professions wasn't examined.

此外，这项研究仅从护士中收集数据，这意味着没有全面研究感恩对其他生活方式和职业可能产生的影响。

exclusively

exclusively /ɪkˈskluː.sɪv.li/ 表示“仅仅；专门；单独”，英文解释为“only”举个🌰：This offer is available exclusively to our established customers. 只有本店老客户才能享受这一优惠价。

'Prior research indicates that there are ways ofintentionallyfostering gratitude, such as writing down or discussing what you are grateful for a few times a week,' said lead author Ying Chen, research scientist in the Department of Epidemiology. 'Promoting healthy aging is a public health priority, and we hope further studies will improve our understanding of gratitude as psychological resource for enhancing longevity.'

“先前的研究表明，有一些方法可以有意识地培养感恩之心，比如每周写下或讨论几次值得感恩的事物，”流行病学系研究科学家、第一作者陈颖（音译）说。“促进健康老龄化是公共卫生的当务之急，我们希望进一步的研究能提高我们对感恩作为延长寿命的心理资源的认识。”

intentionally

📍intentionally /ɪnˈten.ʃən.əl.i/ 表示“（尤为取得某一结果或效果）故意地，有意地”，英文解释为“deliberately, especially in order to have a particular result or effect”举个🌰：I didn't ignore her intentionally - I just didn't recognize her. 我没有故意无视她——我只是没认出她。

对比：

📍knowingly表示“会意地；知情地；明知地，故意地（做错误或非法的事情）”，英文解释为“if you knowingly do something wrong or illegal, you do it even though you know it is wrong”

📍deliberately表示“故意地”，英文解释为“if you do something deliberately, you do it because you want to”举个🌰：He upset her deliberately. 他故意惹她生气。

📍consciously表示“（尤因知道自己行为的后果）有意识地，故意地”，英文解释为“done after thinking carefully about what you are doing, especially because you know what the results of your actions might be”

- 词汇盘点 -

spike、 mortality、 questionnaire、 all-cause mortality、 cardiovascular、 blood vessel、 respiratory、 neurodegenerative、 quantify、 conservative、 criteria、 overlap、 caveat、 foster、 longevity、 exclusively、 intentionally

- 词汇助记 By ChatGPT -

A spike in mortality prompted a conservative questionnaire on all-cause mortality. Researchers quantified cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurodegenerative criteria, noting overlaps and caveats. Their findings fostered insights into longevity, exclusively focusing on intentional lifestyle choices.

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