拜登正式道歉

近日，美国总统乔·拜登（Joe Biden）在亚利桑那州一所社区学校，为历史上美国政府强迫原住民儿童进入寄宿学校等行为，正式向美洲原住民道歉。

🤔️小作业：

1. Why did President Biden describe the Indian boarding school policy as a "sin on our soul"?

A) It was a policy that caused harm to children by separating them from their families and culture.

B) It was a policy that aimed to financially exploit indigenous communities.

C) It aimed to integrate indigenous children into their own communities more effectively.

D) It was a policy that respected indigenous heritage but failed in its execution.

无注释原文：

Biden apologises for Indian boarding schools 'blot on history'

From: BBC

US President Joe Biden has formally apologised to the Native American community for a 150-year-old Indian boarding school policy that aimed to culturally assimilate indigenous children, calling it a "sin on our soul".

He said apologising for the "blot on American history" was one of the most consequential things he has done as president.

The federal government established Indian boarding schools from 1819 until the 1970s that forcibly removed children from their homes and families.

Ten days before the general election, Biden's apology at an event in Arizona also gave him a chance to show support for tribal nations in a swing state that the Democratic White House ticket won just by 10,000 votes in 2020.

"I formally apologise as president of the United States for what we did, " Biden said while visiting the tribally controlled Gila Crossing Community School outside of Phoenix. "It's long overdue."

The Biden administration says it has provided billions of dollars to support indigenous Americans, though communities affected say the president could do more.

The boarding schools stripped indigenous children of their heritage and tried to assimilate Alaska Native, American Indian and Native Hawaiian children into white American culture.

There were more than 523 government-funded Indian boarding schools throughout the US in the 19th and 20th Centuries. Many of these schools were run by churches.

Tens of thousands of children were forcibly abducted by the government and sent to schools far from their homes. Indigenous children often faced emotional and physical abuse, including being beaten and starved when speaking their native languages. In some cases, children died.

Under the Biden administration, the US Department of Interior launched its first-ever federal investigation of the Indian boarding school system to address its history.

Interior Secretary Deb Haaland, the first Native American to serve as a cabinet secretary, went on a tour last year to speak with indigenous survivors.

The Department of Interior also launched an oral history project to document the experience of survivors.

In Canada, which had a similar policy, the prime minister apologised in 2008 for forcing about 150,000 indigenous children to attend state-funded Christian boarding schools.

The government also launched a truth and reconciliation commission that documented the history of the country's residential school system.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Biden apologises for Indian boarding schools 'blot on history'

From: BBC

US President Joe Biden has formally apologised to the Native American community for a 150-year-old Indianboarding schoolpolicy that aimed to culturallyassimilate indigenouschildren, calling it a "sinon our soul".

美国总统乔·拜登（Joe Biden）就一项有150年历史的印第安人寄宿学校政策向美洲原住民社区正式道歉，该政策旨在文化同化原住民儿童，拜登称之为“我们灵魂上的罪孽”。

boarding school

boarding school /ˈbɔː.dɪŋ ˌskuːl/ 表示“寄宿学校”，英文解释为“a school where students live and study”

assimilate

assimilate /əˈsɪm.ɪ.leɪt/ 表示“加入；融入；（使）同化”，英文解释为“to become part of a group, country, society, etc., or to make someone or something become part of a group, country, society, etc.”举个🌰：You shouldn't expect immigrants to assimilate into an alien culture immediately. 你不应该指望移民能够马上融入一种外国文化中。

indigenous

indigenous /ɪnˈdɪdʒɪnəs/ 表示“土生土长的，本地的”，英文解释为“indigenous people or things have always been in the place where they are, rather than being brought there from somewhere else”

🎬电影《阿凡达》（Avatar）中的台词提到：We have an indigenous population of humanoids called the Na'vi. 这里有一种长得像人的土著 我们称其为“纳威”。

sin

sin /sɪn/ 表示“（违反宗教戒律或道德规范的）罪，罪过”，英文解释为“the offence of breaking, or the breaking of, a religious or moral law”如：to commit/confess a sin 犯罪/忏悔罪过。

He said apologising for the "bloton American history" was one of the mostconsequentialthings he has done as president.

他说，为“美国历史上的污点”道歉是他作为总统所做的最有意义的事情之一。

blot

blot /blɒt/ 1）表示“墨水渍”，英文解释为“a small area of ink made by mistake”如：an ink blot 墨水渍。

2）表示“有损形象（或幸福）的事情；污点”，英文解释为“something that spoils the opinion that other people have of you, or your happiness”举个🌰：Her involvement in the fraud has left a serious blot on her character.她卷入了这次欺诈案，在她的品格上留下了一个很大的污点。

consequential

1）consequential常见含义同consequent一样，表示“间接的；随之发生的；结果的，作为直接结果的”如：redundancy and the consequential loss of earnings 裁员以及随之而来的收入损失。

2）用来替换我们经常用的词important, significant等表示“重要的，意义重大的”如：意义重大的决定 a consequential decision.

The federal government established Indian boarding schools from 1819 until the 1970s thatforciblyremoved children from their homes and families.

美国联邦政府从1819年开始建立印第安人寄宿学校，强行让原住民儿童离开家人、离开家园，直至20世纪70年代。

forcibly

forcibly /ˈfɔː.sə.bli/ 表示“强迫地，有力地，诉诸暴力地”，英文解释为“in a way that uses physical power or violence；in a way that happens or is done against someone's wishes, especially with the use of physical force”举个🌰：She was soon to be forcibly married. 她很快就被迫结婚了。

Ten days beforethe general election, Biden's apology at an event in Arizona also gave him a chance to show support fortribalnations ina swing statethat the Democratic White House ticket won just by 10,000 votes in 2020.

大选前十天，拜登在亚利桑那州的活动上道歉，借此机会在2020年仅以1万票险胜的关键摇摆州向部落民族表达支持。

general election

general election /ˌdʒen.ər.əl ɪˈlek.ʃən/ 表示“普选，大选”，英文解释为“an election in which the people living in a country vote to choose the government”

tribal

tribal /ˈtraɪ.bəl/ 表示“部落的；部族的”，英文解释为“relating to a tribe”如：tribal dress 部落的服装。

swing state

swing 1）作名词，表示“秋千”，英文解释为“a seat for swinging on, hung from above on ropes or chains”；

2）表示“摆动；挥动；转动；强劲节奏”，英文解释为“a swinging movement or rhythm”举个🌰：He took a wild swing at the ball. 他对准球猛地挥拍一击。

3）表示“改变；改变的程度”，英文解释为“a change from one opinion or situation to another; the amount by which sth changes”举个🌰：Voting showed a 25% swing to him. 投票显示25%的人转而支持他。

📍摇摆州（swing state），据维基百科：In American politics, the term swing state (or battleground state) refers to any state that could reasonably be won by either the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate by a swing in votes. 摇摆州，也称战场州、游离州或紫州，是指美国总统选举中，那些没有一个单一的候选人或政党拥有压倒性支持度以取得选举人票的州。这些州是两个主要政党在总统选举中的争取目标，因为赢得这些州的选举人票对获胜十分重要。

"I formally apologise as president of the United States for what we did, " Biden said while visiting the tribally controlled Gila Crossing Community School outside of Phoenix. "It's longoverdue."

“作为美国总统，我正式为过去的所作所为道歉，”拜登在访问凤凰城外由部落管理的Gila Crossing社区学校时说。“这份道歉确实来得太迟了。”

overdue

overdue /ˌəʊ.vəˈdʒuː/ 表示“过期的；延误的；迟的”，英文解释为“not done or happening when expected or when needed；late”举个🌰：My library books are a week overdue. 我借图书馆的书过期一个星期了。

The Biden administration says it has provided billions of dollars to support indigenous Americans, though communities affected say the president could do more.

拜登政府表示，已向原住民社区提供了数十亿美元的支持，尽管许多原住民社区仍认为可以采取更多措施。

The boarding schoolsstrippedindigenous childrenoftheirheritageand tried to assimilate Alaska Native, American Indian and Native Hawaiian children into white American culture.

寄宿学校剥夺了原住民儿童的文化根基，试图将阿拉斯加原住民、美洲印第安人和夏威夷原住民儿童同化到白人文化中。

strip

2019年现代版「甄嬛传」？泰国王妃被剥夺全部头衔时，各大媒体几乎都用了strip这个词，后接of，strip of 1）表示“剥夺（财产、权利）；撤销（头衔）”，英文解释为“To strip someone of their property, rights, or titles means to take those things away from them.”举个🌰：The soldiers have stripped the civilians of their passports, and every other type of document. 那些士兵们已经夺走了市民的护照以及所有其他证件。

2）strip还有“脱衣服；脱光…的衣服”的意思，英文解释为“to remove your clothing, or to remove all the clothing of someone else”举个🌰：He had been stripped naked, beaten and robbed. 他被脱光衣服，遭受殴打，东西还被抢了。

3）作名词，strip /strɪp/ 表示“条，带，细长片；带状地带（或森林、水面等）”，英文解释为“a long, flat, narrow piece”如：a narrow strip of land 狭长地带。

heritage

heritage /ˈher.ɪ.tɪdʒ/ 表示“遗产（指流传下来的具有历史意义的传统、语言、建筑等）”，英文解释为“features belonging to the culture of a particular society, such as traditions, languages, or buildings, that were created in the past and still have historical importance”

There were more than 523 government-funded Indian boarding schools throughout the US in the 19th and 20th Centuries. Many of these schools were run by churches.

19世纪和20世纪，全美有超过523所由政府资助的印第安人寄宿学校，其中许多学校由教会管理。

Tens of thousands of children were forciblyabductedby the government and sent to schools far from their homes. Indigenous children often faced emotional and physical abuse, including being beaten and starved when speaking their native languages. In some cases, children died.

成千上万的原住民儿童被强行带离家乡，送往远离家乡的寄宿学校。原住民儿童在校期间常遭受身心摧残，包括因使用母语而遭殴打、挨饿，甚至有些儿童因此丧命。

abduct

abduct /æbˈdʌkt/ 表示“绑架；劫持；诱拐”，英文解释为“to force someone to go somewhere with you, often using threats or violence”举个🌰：The company director was abducted from his car by terrorists. 公司董事被恐怖分子从自己的车里劫走了。

Under the Biden administration, the US Department ofInteriorlaunched its first-ever federal investigation of the Indian boarding school system to address its history.

在拜登政府的推动下，美国内政部首次对印第安人寄宿学校制度展开了联邦调查，旨在正视这段历史。

interior

interior /ɪnˈtɪə.ri.ər/ 1）表示“内部”，英文解释为“the inside part of something”举个🌰：The estate agent had pictures of the house from the outside but none of its interior. 房产经纪人有这栋房子的外观照片，但没有其内部的照片。

2）表示“（某些国家的）内政部”，英文解释为“in some countries, the government department that deals with subjects and events that are important in the country itself instead of events in other countries”如：the Ministry of the Interior 内政部。

Interior Secretary Deb Haaland, the first Native American to serve as acabinetsecretary, went on a tour last year to speak with indigenous survivors.

美国内政部长德布·哈兰（Deb Haaland）是首位担任内阁部长的美洲原住民，她去年曾前往巡视，与原住民幸存者交谈。

cabinet

cabinet /ˈkæb.ɪ.nət/ 表示“内阁”，英文解释为“The cabinet is a group of the most senior advisers or ministers in a government, who meet regularly to discuss policies.”举个🌰：The announcement came after a three-hour cabinet meeting. 这项公告是在3小时的内阁会议之后发布的。

The Department of Interior also launched an oral history project to document the experience of survivors.

美国内政部还启动了口述历史项目，以记录幸存者的经历。

In Canada, which had a similar policy, the prime minister apologised in 2008 for forcing about 150,000 indigenous children to attend state-funded Christian boarding schools.

加拿大也有类似的政策，2008年，加拿大总理为曾迫使约15万名原住民儿童就读国家资助的基督教寄宿学校而道歉。

The government also launched a truth andreconciliationcommission that documented the history of the country'sresidentialschool system.

加拿大政府还成立了真相与和解委员会，记录该国寄宿学校制度的历史。

reconciliation

reconciliation /ˌrek.ənˌsɪl.iˈeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“和解；和好；修好”，英文解释为“a situation in which two people or groups of people become friendly again after they have argued”举个🌰：It took hours of negotiations to bring about a reconciliation between the two sides. 双方谈了好几个小时才达成和解。

residential

residential /ˌrez.ɪˈden.ʃəl/ 表示“居住的；定居的”，英文解释为“relating to where you live or have lived”举个🌰：You must satisfy the residential qualifications to get a work permit. 要想得到工作许可，你必须要符合居民资格。

- 词汇盘点 -

boarding school、 assimilate、 indigenous、 sin、 blot、 consequential、 forcibly、 general election、 tribal、 swing state、 overdue、 strip、 heritage、 abduct、 interior、 cabinet、 reconciliation、 residential

- 词汇助记 By ChatGPT -

In a swing state’s general election, the cabinet addressed overdue reconciliation for indigenous heritage. Boarding schools had forcibly stripped tribal traditions, a consequential sin and blot. Efforts to assimilate were challenged by abductions, impacting residential interior peace.

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