柯林斯词典公布2021年度词汇：NFT（下）__财经头条_

Last month the Oxford English Dictionary namedvaxas its word of the year, noting that in September usage of the word was up more than 72 times on the previous year.

上个月，《牛津英语词典》将vax评为年度词汇，指出9月份该词的使用量比前一年增长了72倍以上。

vax

牛津词典公布2021年度词汇：VaxVax /væks/ 可以作动词，也可以作名词，表示“（打）疫苗”。The Oxford Languages Dictionary defines vax as a vaccine or vaccination when used as a noun. As a verb, vax is defined as “vaccinate” or “treat (someone) with a vaccine to produce immunity against a disease”.

NFTbeat two other tech-based words on Collins'shortlistof 10 words of the year:crypto, the short form ofcryptocurrency, usage of which is up 468% year on year, according toCollins, andmetaverse, a termcoinedbyNeal Stephensonin his 1992 novelSnow Crash. Describing a three-dimensional virtual world – such as that planned byMeta,Mark Zuckerberg's rebranded Facebook company – metaverse's usage has increased 12-foldsince 2020.

在柯林斯词典的10个年度词汇候选名单中，NFT击败了另外两个科技类词汇：Crypto，即加密货币的简称，根据柯林斯的数据，其使用率同比增长了468%；metaverse，这是尼尔·斯蒂芬森（Neal Stephenson）在其1992年小说《雪崩》（Snow Crash）中创造的一个术语。描述一个三维的虚拟世界--比如马克·扎克伯格（Mark Zuckerberg）的Facebook公司改名后叫Meta--Metaverse的使用率自2020年以来增长了12倍。

shortlist

表示“最终候选名单，决选名单；入围名单”，英文解释为“a list of people who have been judged the most suitable for a job or prize, made from a longer list of people originally considered, and from which one person will be chosen”举个🌰：

We've drawn up (= decided) ashortlistfor the job.

我们已经确定了该职位的最终候选名单。

📍美式：short list是分开的。有shortlist就有longlist，意思就是“初选名单”（A long-list for something such as a job or a prize is a large group that has been chosen from all the people who applied for the job, or all the people or things that are competing for the prize.The successful ones from this group are chosen to go on the shortlist.）

同时，两个词都可以作为动词，比如shortlist作动词，表示“把…列入入围名单”举个🌰：

Candidates who areshortlistedfor interview will be contacted by the end of the week.

入围参加面试的求职者将在周末以前得到通知。

cryptocurrency

cryptocurrency /ˈkrɪptoʊkɜːrənsi/ 表示“（公共网络的，而非政府发行的）加密电子货币（使用加密法确保付款安全支付及收取）”，实际就是加密货币，英文解释为“a digital currency produced by a public network, rather than any government, that uses cryptography to make sure payments are sent and received safely”，如：cryptocurrenciessuch as bitcoin诸如比特币一类的加密电子货币。

📍详见：鱿鱼币，从暴涨到跑路

metaverse

据维基百科，元宇宙，或称为后设宇宙、形上宇宙、元界、超感空间、虚空间，被用来描述一个未来持久化和去中心化的在线三维虚拟环境。此虚拟环境将可以通过虚拟现实眼镜、增强现实眼镜、手机、个人电脑和电子游戏机进入人造的虚拟世界。

The word metaverse is a portmanteau of the prefix "meta" (meaning "beyond") and "universe" and is typically used to describe the concept of a future iteration of the internet, made up of persistent, shared, 3D virtual spaces linked into a perceived virtual universe.

📍详见：元宇宙到底是什么？

coin

在凡尔赛文学是什么梗？文中，提到了网友构造了凡尔赛文学这个说法 Chinese netizens coined the term “Versailles literature”，其中coin作动词，熟词僻义，表示“创造（新词语）”，英文解释为“to invent a new word or phrase that other people then begin to use”举个🌰：

Hecoinedthe term "LearnAndRecord".

他创造了LearnAndRecord这一说法。

📍coinage作名词，表示“新造的词（语）；新词语的创造”，英文解释为“(the inventing of) a new word or phrase in a language”。

-fold

表示“由…部分组成；…倍”，英文解释为“having the stated number of parts, or multiplied by the stated number”如：threefold 3倍，举个🌰：

The problems aretwofold- firstly, economic, and secondly, political.

这些问题是双重的：第一，经济上的；第二，政治上的。

Other words and phrasesin the runningincluded the Covid-focusedpingdemic, hybrid working and double-vaxxed, while climate anxiety also made the list, reflecting growing concerns about climate change.

其他入选的单词和短语包括与新冠疫情相关的pingdemic、hybrid working（混合办公）和double-vaxxed（接种两剂疫苗），而climate anxiety（气候焦虑）也上榜了，反映出人们对气候变化的担忧与日俱增。

in/out of the running

表示“有/没有希望获胜；有/没有成功的机会”，英文解释为“having/not having a reasonable chance of winning”。

pingdemic

ping+pandemic构成的新词，指的是在手机上收到英国国民保健署（National Health Service，NHS）通过新冠肺炎检测与追踪（NHS COVID-19）App发来的自我隔离通知。

当手机收到消息时，会发出“叮”的提示音（ping），再加上新冠疫情，全球性流行病pandemic一词就组合成了这个新词。

柯林斯词典官方给该词的解释为：the large-scale notification of members of the public by a contact-tracing app.

Collinsalso noted a rise in the use ofneopronoun, thanks to ongoing conversations over gender and the representation of trans and non-binary people; it defines the word as “a recently coined pronoun, especially one designed to avoid gender distinctions”.

柯林斯词典还注意到，由于正在进行的关于性别以及变性人和非二元人代表的对话，新代词（neopronoun）的使用有所增加；它将该词定义为“最近创造的代词，特别是旨在避免性别区分的代词”。

neopronoun

neo-表示“新的；新式的”（new; in alater form）

pronoun表示“代词（代替名词或名词词组的单词）”（a word that is used instead of a noun or noun phrase, for example he , it , hers , me , them , etc.）

Neopronouns area category of neologistic English third-person personal pronounsbeyond "she", "he", and "they", as well as "one" and "it".

Neopronouns are preferred by some non-binary individuals, as they may feel that neopronouns provide more options to reflect their gender identity more accurately than any conventional pronoun.

non-binary

binary本身表示“二进制的”（The binary system expresses numbers using only the two digits 0 and 1. It is used especially in computing.）在计算机的世界里，处理的实际上都是0和1这两个数字。

此处binary表示“二元的；有两个不同部分的”，英文解释为“Binarydescribes something that has two different parts.”

non-binary就是表示“非二元性別的”，英文解释为“having a gender identity (= feeling of being a particular gender) that is not simply male or female”.也被广泛称作Genderqueer（性别酷儿），用来指称那些超越传统意义上对男性或女性的二元划分、不单纯属于男性或女性的自我性别认同。此前纽约时报的有一篇文章专门讲述了Nonbinary一词：

“Washington, D.C., schools are the latest, with a small change on the public school enrollment form for next year that some members of the L.G.B.T.Q. community regard as a big step forward: The term “nonbinary,” which refers to people who do not identify exclusively as male or female, will be included as a gender choice.”

“华盛顿特区的学校对明年的公立学校入学表格做出了一个小改动：“非二元性别的”——意指那些性别认同不单纯属于男性或女性的人，被加入到性别选择中。这是被一些L.G.B.T.Q.群体成员认为是一大进步的最新例子。”

Collins chose “lockdown” as its word of the year in 2020, and “climate strike” in 2019.

柯林斯词典选择了“lockdown”作为其2020年的年度词汇，以及“climate strike”作为2019年的年度词汇。

📍详见：

柯林斯词典公布2020年度词汇：Lockdown

柯林斯词典公布2019年度词汇：Climate strike

Collins’ 2021 Top 10 words

NFT (ˌɛnɛfˈtiː) abbreviation for

1 non-fungible token: a unique digital certificate, registered in a blockchain, that is used to record ownership of an asset such as an artwork or a collectible.

noun

2 an asset whose ownership is recorded by means of a non-fungible token: the artist sold the work as an NFT

cheugy(ˈtʃuːɡɪ) adjective, slang

no longer regarded as cool or fashionable

climate anxiety (ˈklaɪmət æŋˈzaɪɪtɪ) noun

a state of distress caused by concern about climate change

crypto (ˈkrɪptəʊ) noun, informal

short for cryptocurrency: a decentralised digital medium of exchange which is created, regulated and exchanged using cryptography and (usually) open-source software, and typically used for online purchases