石破茂将担任日本新首相

近日，67岁的日本前防卫大臣石破茂（Shigeru Ishiba）当选执政党自由民主党总裁，成为日本新首相。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. What is the main objective of Shigeru Ishiba's proposed changes to the U.S.-Japan military alliance?

A. To increase Japan's dependence on U.S. military support.

B. To make the alliance more balanced and equitable.

C. To expand the number of U.S. troops stationed in Japan.

D. To eliminate the need for U.S. involvement in Japanese defense.

无注释原文：

Japan Gets a New Leader Who Wants to Remake the U.S. Military Alliance

From:  The Wall Street Journal

Japan's next leader will be a former defense minister who wants to reshape what he sees as an unequal alliance with the U.S., presaging possible tensions with Washington.

Shigeru Ishiba, 67 years old, narrowly won a vote in the ruling Liberal Democratic Party on Friday to become party leader, and the LDP-controlled parliament will meet Tuesday to elect him prime minister.

Ishiba had lost four previous runs for the leadership and had said this would be his final try. In a crowded race with nine candidates, the maverick lawmaker rose to the top with promises to mend the ruling party's image after financial scandals. He narrowly defeated economic security minister Sanae Takaichi, 63, who would have been Japan's first female prime minister.

“I will protect Japan,” Ishiba said at a news conference during his campaign. “Now is the time to use the experience I have accumulated over years to achieve this goal.”

“I don't think Japan is a truly independent nation yet,” Ishiba said in a book published in August.

During the campaign, Ishiba floated a number of ideas to redo the alliance. In a candidates' debate in Okinawa, the southern island that hosts most of U.S. troops in Japan, he suggested that U.S. bases could be converted to joint U.S.-Japanese operation.

He has objected to treaty restrictions limiting Japan's access to U.S. bases and equipment, such as when a U.S. military aircraft crashes in Japan.

In a 2018 interview with The Wall Street Journal, when Donald Trump was president, Ishiba said Japan would be ignored if it simply pledged total fealty to Washington.

“You don't have to play golf with President Trump or go to Trump Tower. It's important to make them think Japan is formidable and we need to have cards to play for a deal,” he said.

Ishiba's father was the governor of rural Tottori prefecture and later a member of parliament. His mother, a teacher, was a Christian, which is relatively unusual in Japan, and Ishiba was baptized when he was 18.

He entered politics under the influence of former Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka, a friend of his father who taught the young Ishiba how to campaign. One of Tanaka's lessons, according to Ishiba: You only get as many votes as the number of handshakes you exchange with voters.

In 1986, at age 29, Ishiba was elected to parliament for the first time, representing part of Tottori, and has served there ever since. He has held several cabinet posts including defense minister and agriculture minister.

Ishiba's office is filled with some 500 books on military subjects, economic policy and history along with model warplanes. He is also known for his love of trains, boasting that he has taken the sleeper train between Tokyo and Tottori more than 1,000 times.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Japan Gets a New Leader Who Wants to Remake the U.S. Military Alliance

From:  The Wall Street Journal

Japan's next leader will be a former defense minister who wants to reshape what he sees as an unequalalliancewith the U.S.,presagingpossible tensions with Washington.

日本前防卫大臣石破茂（Shigeru Ishiba）将出任下一任首相，他认为美日之间关系不平等并主张重塑日美同盟，这预示着两国关系可能出现紧张。

alliance

alliance /əˈlaɪ.əns/ 1）表示“结盟国家（或团体），同盟国家（或团体）”，英文解释为“a group of countries, political parties, or people who have agreed to work together because of shared interests or aims”如：a military alliance 军事同盟。

2）表示“联盟，结盟；同盟”，英文解释为“an agreement to work with someone else to try to achieve the same thing”

presage

presage /ˈpres.ɪdʒ/ 表示“预示，预兆（尤指不祥之事）”，英文解释为“to show or suggest that something, often something unpleasant, will happen”

Shigeru Ishiba, 67 years old,narrowlywon a vote in the ruling Liberal Democratic Party on Friday to become party leader, and the LDP-controlledparliamentwill meet Tuesday to elect him prime minister.

现年67岁的石破茂周五在执政党自民党（Liberal Democratic Party）总裁选举中以微弱优势获胜。自民党控制之下的国会将于下周二开会选举他为首相。

narrowly

narrowly /ˈnær.əʊ.li/ 作为副词，表示“勉强地；将将；以毫厘之差”，英文解释为“only by a small amount”，举个🌰：She narrowly missed winning the race. 她与大奖失之交臂。

补充：

📍narrow本身作形容词表示“狭窄，狭隘的，有限的”等，如：a narrow bridge/passage/gap 狭窄的桥梁/通道/缝隙，a narrow face 瘦长的脸；还可以指“勉强的，差距微小的”，英文解释为“If you have a narrow victory, you succeed in winning but only by a small amount.”举个🌰：Voters approved the plan by a narrow majority. 投票人以微弱的多数通过了这个方案。

📍narrow victory/defeat/majority/margin 险胜/惜败/微弱多数/微小的差距

📍a narrow escape表示“死里逃生”（a situation in which you avoid danger although you very nearly do not）举个🌰：We got out in time but it was a narrow escape. 我们险些未能及时逃脱。

📍a narrow squeak表示“险胜，侥幸成功”(a success that was almost a failure）举个🌰：We caught the ferry but it was a narrow squeak. 我们险些没赶上渡船。

📍narrow-minded（adj.）表示“心胸狭窄的，气量小的”（not willing to accept ideas or ways of behaving that are different from your own）如：narrow-minded opinions/views 狭隘的观点，a narrow-minded person 心胸狭窄的人。与之相反的是：broad-minded 心胸宽广的。

parliament

parliament /ˈpɑː.lɪ.mənt/ 表示“议会”，英文解释为“in some countries, the group of (usually) elected politicians or other people who make the laws for their country”

Ishiba had lost four previous runs for the leadership and had said this would be his final try. In a crowded race with nine candidates, themavericklawmaker rose to the top with promises tomendthe ruling party's image after financial scandals. He narrowly defeated economic security minister Sanae Takaichi, 63, who would have been Japan's first female prime minister.

石破茂此前四次竞选自民党总裁均以失败告终，他曾表示这将是他最后一次尝试。在有九名候选人参与的激烈角逐中，这位特立独行的议员承诺要修复自民党受“黑金”丑闻冲击的形象并借此脱颖而出。他以微弱优势击败了63岁的经济安全保障担当大臣高市早苗（Sanae Takaichi），后者若当选将成为日本首位女首相。

maverick

maverick /ˈmæv.ər.ɪk/ 表示“特立独行的人，行为不合常规的人”，英文解释为“a person who thinks and acts in an independent way, often behaving differently from the expected or usual way”

mend

mend /mend/ 表示“修理；修补；缝补”，英文解释为“to repair something that is broken or damaged”举个🌰：Could you mend this hole in my shirt? 你能把我衬衫上的这个洞补一下吗？

“I will protect Japan,” Ishiba said at a news conference during his campaign. “Now is the time to use the experience I haveaccumulatedover years to achieve this goal.”

“我将保卫日本，”石破茂在竞选期间的新闻发布会上说。“现在是时候利用我多年积累的经验来实现这一目标了。”

accumulate

accumulate /əˈkjuː.mjə.leɪt/ 表示“积累；积聚；积攒”，英文解释为“to collect a large number of things over a long period of time”举个🌰：As people accumulate more wealth, they tend to spend a greater proportion of their incomes. 人们积累了更多财富后，他们的花费占收入的比重也往往会增加。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述疫情期间房价上涨的文章中提到：Professionals who have carried on working from home but cut back on their spending have accumulated cash to splash. 那些改换成在家中继续工作但减少了开支的专业人士则积攒了可大笔支出的现金。

对比：

📍amass 表示“（尤指大量）积累，积聚”，英文解释为“to collect sth, especially in large quantities”举个🌰：He amassed a fortune from delivering newspapers.他靠送报纸积累了一笔财富。

📍rack up表示“大量获得（利润）；严重遭受（损失）；（体育中）多次赢得（比赛）”，英文解释为“If a business racks up profits, losses, or sales, it makes a lot of them. If a sportsman, sportswoman, or team racks up wins, they win a lot of games or races.”

“I don't think Japan is a truly independent nation yet,” Ishiba said in a book published in August.

“我认为日本还不是一个真正独立的国家，”石破茂在8月出版的一本书中说。

During the campaign, Ishibafloateda number of ideas to redo the alliance. In a candidates' debate in Okinawa, the southern island that hosts most of U.S. troops in Japan, he suggested that U.S. bases could be converted to joint U.S.-Japanese operation.

竞选期间，石破茂提出了重新构建美日联盟的多个思路。在冲绳的一次候选人辩论中，他建议把美国基地改为美日联合运作。冲绳岛位于日本南部，驻日美军大部分驻扎在这里。

float

float /fləʊt/ 作名词，表示“彩车，花车”，英文解释为“a large vehicle with a flat surface that is decorated and used in festivals”如：carnival floats 狂欢节彩车。

作动词，1）表示“漂浮”，英文解释为“to stay on the surface of a liquid and not sink”举个🌰：An empty bottle will float. 空瓶子能浮起来。

2）表示“（使）漂流；（使）浮动；（使）飘动；（使）飘移”，英文解释为“to (cause to) move easily through, or along the surface of a liquid, or to (cause to) move easily through air”举个🌰：We spent a lazy afternoon floating down/along the river. 我们沿河漂流而下，懒洋洋的度过了一个下午。

3）熟词僻义，表示“提出，提请考虑（想法或计划）”，英文解释为“to suggest an idea or a plan for other people to consider”举个🌰：They floated the idea of increased taxes on alcohol. 他们建议提高酒税。

🎬电影《阿罗哈》（Aloha）中的台词提到：And frankly, just floating the idea of you and me as a couple... 坦白讲 只要随便想想如果我们成了一对的话...

📍2020年，侃爷宣布竞选美国总统文中卫报（The Guardian）也用了这个词：Indeed, the rapper has floated the idea of running for president before. 事实上，这位说唱歌手之前就提出过竞选总统的想法。

He hasobjectedtotreatyrestrictions limiting Japan's access to U.S. bases and equipment, such as when a U.S. military aircraft crashes in Japan.

石破茂反对限制日本访问美国基地和设备的条约，例如当美国军用飞机在日本坠毁时。

object

object /ˈɒb.dʒɪkt/ 表示“反对，不赞成；有异议”，英文解释为“someone or something that causes particular feelings in or actions by others”举个🌰：Would anyone object if we started the meeting now? 如果我们现在开始开会，有人反对吗？

treaty

treaty /ˈtriː.ti/ 表示“条约；协定”，英文解释为“a written agreement between two or more countries, formally approved and signed by their leaders”如：a peace treaty 和平条约。

In a 2018 interview with The Wall Street Journal, when Donald Trump was president, Ishiba said Japan would be ignored if it simplypledgedtotalfealtyto Washington.

2018年特朗普（Donald Trump）担任美国总统期间，石破茂在接受《华尔街日报》（The Wall Street Journal）采访时表示，如果日本只是宣誓效忠于美国，那么日本将被忽视。

pledge

pledge /pledʒ/ 1）作动词，表示“承诺，保证（做某事）；保证给予（某物）”，英文解释为“When someone pledges to do something, they promise in a serious way to do it. When they pledge something, they promise to give it.”举个🌰：He pledges support and offers to help in any way that he can. 他承诺给予支持并提供力所能及的帮助。

2）表示“抵押”，英文解释为“If you pledge something such as a valuable possession or a sum of money, you leave it with someone as a guarantee that you will repay money that you have borrowed.”举个🌰：He asked her to pledge the house as security for a loan. 他要她抵押房子作为贷款担保。

3）作名词，表示“誓言；诺言；保证”，英文解释为“When someone makes a pledge, they make a serious promise that they will do something.”举个🌰：The meeting ended with a pledge to step up cooperation between the states of the region. 会议以加快该地区州之间合作的承诺结束。

fealty

fealty /ˈfiːl.ti/ 表示“（对国王或女王）忠诚的，忠心耿耿的”，英文解释为“loyalty, especially to a king or queen”如：an oath of fealty 宣誓效忠。

“You don't have to play golf with President Trump or go to Trump Tower. It's important to make them think Japan isformidableand we need to have cards to play for a deal,” he said.

“你不必和特朗普总统打高尔夫球，也不必去特朗普大厦。重要的是要让他们觉得日本很强大，我们需要有牌可以打，才能达成协议，”他说。

formidable

formidable /fɔːˈmɪd.ə.bəl/ 表示“可怕的；令人敬畏的；难对付的”，英文解释为“causing you to have fear or respect for something or someone because that thing or person is large, powerful, or difficult”如：a formidable obstacle/task 令人生畏的障碍/任务。

词源和词根：来自拉丁语的"formidabilis"，源于"formido"，意为"恐惧"。派生词：formidability, formidably，常用短语：a formidable opponent 强大的对手。

Ishiba's father was the governor of rural Tottoriprefectureand later a member of parliament. His mother, a teacher, was a Christian, which is relatively unusual in Japan, and Ishiba wasbaptizedwhen he was 18.

石破茂的父亲曾担任日本鸟取县知事，后来成为国会议员。石破茂的母亲是教师，她是一名基督徒，这在日本相对罕见，石破茂在18岁时受洗。

prefecture

prefecture /ˈpriː.fek.tʃər/ 表示“（法、意、日等国的）地方行政区域；省；县；辖区”，英文解释为“an area of local government in some countries, for example France, Italy and Japan”

📍2019年政府工作报告中提到，“三区三州”用的是“three regions and three prefectures”，原句：加大“三区三州”等深度贫困地区脱贫攻坚力度， We will intensify poverty alleviation in areas of extreme poverty like the "three regions and three prefectures,"

baptize

baptize /bæpˈtaɪz/ 表示“以洗礼方式使某人加入基督教教会”，英文解释为“to make someone officially a member of the Christian Church in a service of baptism”举个🌰：Were you baptized a Catholic? 你是在天主教教堂受洗的吗？

He entered politics under the influence of former Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka, a friend of his father who taught the young Ishiba how to campaign. One of Tanaka's lessons, according to Ishiba: You only get as many votes as the number of handshakes you exchange with voters.

石破茂在日本前首相田中角荣（Kakuei Tanaka）的影响下进入政界。田中角荣是石破茂父亲的朋友，他曾教年轻的石破茂如何竞选。据石破茂说，田中角荣给他的一条经验是：你能获得的选票数量取决于你与选民握手的次数。

In 1986, at age 29, Ishiba was elected to parliament for the first time, representing part of Tottori, and has served there ever since. He has held severalcabinetposts including defense minister and agriculture minister.

1986年，29岁的石破茂代表鸟取县部分地区参加众议院选举，首次当选国会议员，此后连任至今。他担任过多个内阁职位，包括防卫大臣和农林水产大臣。

cabinet

cabinet /ˈkæb.ɪ.nət/ 表示“内阁”，英文解释为“The cabinet is a group of the most senior advisers or ministers in a government, who meet regularly to discuss policies.”举个🌰：The announcement came after a three-hour cabinet meeting. 这项公告是在3小时的内阁会议之后发布的。

Ishiba's office is filled with some 500 books on military subjects, economic policy and history along with model warplanes. He is also known for his love of trains,boastingthat he has taken the sleeper train between Tokyo and Tottori more than 1,000 times.

石破茂的办公室里摆放着约500本关于军事、经济政策和历史的书籍，还有战机模型。他还因热爱铁路列车而闻名，自称自己乘坐过东京至鸟取的卧铺列车1,000多次。

boast

boast /bəʊst/ 1）表示“拥有（值得自豪的东西）”，英文解释为“to have or own something to be proud of”举个🌰：Hangzhou boasts beautiful lakes, great restaurants, and friendly locals. 杭州拥有美丽的湖、很棒的餐馆和友好的当地人。

2）表示“自吹自擂，吹嘘，夸耀”，英文解释为“to speak too proudly or happily about what you have done or what you own”举个🌰：He didn't talk about his exam results in case people thought he was boasting. 他没有谈论自己的考试成绩，以免让别人以为他在自我吹嘘。

- 词汇盘点 -

alliance、presage、narrowly、parliament、maverick、mend、accumulate、float、object、treaty、pledge、fealty、formidable、prefecture、baptize、cabinet、boast

- 词汇助记 By ChatGPT -

A maverick in parliament formed a formidable alliance, pledging fealty to mend ties. He narrowly floated a treaty, accumulating support despite objections. The cabinet boasted the prefecture would baptize the pact, a presage of lasting peace.

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