度假时为什么更容易超额消费？_

假期第三天，马上过半啦。

🤔️小作业：

1. What can be inferred about the effectiveness of setting a daily budget for holiday expenses?

A. It is less effective than setting a weekly budget due to unexpected costs.

B. It helps travelers keep better track of their spending and avoid overspending.

C. It discourages travelers from enjoying their holiday fully.

D. It is unnecessary if one is familiar with the local currency.

无注释原文：

Why so many people overspend on their holidays

From: BBC, 19 September 2017

Esta Shah always plans a fun activity for the day following her holiday. It’s not a coping strategy to combat the back-to-work blues – rather, it’s a budgeting trick she says prevents her from wild overspending.

Knowing the fun will continue when you get back “keeps you from spending on [unnecessary] things during the last days of vacation to keep the fun going,” says Shah, a marketing professor at the University of Cincinnati.

Continuing the fun post-holiday keeps her from chasing happiness while on holiday because she knows it’s awaiting her back home. Ultimately, it allows her to spend more wisely during the days she’s travelling rather than splurging on items she doesn’t need just before she flies home.

Collective blindspot

Many people return from holidays to higher-than-expected credit card bills. In the US, the overspend can represent a serious chunk of household income: 74% of Americans admitted falling into debt of more than $1,100 after returning from a holiday, according to a 2017 survey by personal finance website Learnvest.

In the UK, many travellers spend an average of £532 ($718) per person even before they’ve left the country – on anything from duty-free shopping to trip-related clothing, according to research from the Association of British Travel Agents.

“I have worked with a lot of people who have no problems in their financial life – except on vacation,” says Brad Klontz, a psychologist and financial adviser in Hawaii who works with clients on spending.

Hard cash

So why do people lose control of their spending when travelling?

There are a host of subconscious reasons behind spending more on holiday and it’s difficult to keep them in check, says Klaus Wertenbroch, marketing professor at INSEAD business school’s Singapore campus.

For one, currency differences can trick you into feeling you have more money to spend when abroad, says Wertenbroch.

A 2007 paper he co-authored found that that the nominal (face) value of money affects how people perceive its real value: if you’re in a country where the face value of the foreign currency is a fraction of your home currency, you’re likely to spend more.

So what should you do?

Rather than creating a budget based on what you’re planning to spend, treat your holiday like you would daily life, recommends Shah.

Get acquainted with the currency and how much items cost prior to the trip. Reading about transport, food and entertainment costs can make prices seem more familiar once you’re actually on the trip. Set up a daily – rather than a weekly – budget based on your research of how much you expect to pay for food, transport, activities and anything else you plan to purchase while traveling so it’s easier to track.

Finally, attempt to pay for the holiday within a short period of time; incurring flight and lodging expenses over a few months makes it easy to lose track of how much you’ll spend on each portion, adds Shah.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为BBC官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Why so many people overspend on their holidays 度假时为什么更容易超额消费？

From: BBC, 19 September 2017

Esta Shah always plans a fun activity for the day following her holiday. It’s not a coping strategy to combat the back-to-workblues– rather, it’s abudgetingtrick she says prevents her from wild overspending.

伊斯塔·沙阿（Esta Shah）总是为假期结束后的第二天规划有趣的活动。这么做不是为了应对节后综合征——这其实是一种预算技巧，为的是避免自己挥霍无度。

blues

blue熟词僻义，表示“悲伤的；忧郁的；沮丧的”，英文解释为“feeling or showing sadness”举个🌰：He's been a bit blue since she left him. 自从她离开后，他就一直有些闷闷不乐。

Blues在这里指的是一种情感状态，特指感到悲伤、沮丧或忧郁的情绪。这个词经常用来描述一种深沉、持久的悲伤或不安的情感。此外，blues也是一种音乐风格，起源于美国南部的非裔美国人社区，这种音乐风格经常表达的是生活的困境、失恋和其他形式的不幸或悲伤。

budgeting

budget /ˈbʌdʒ.ɪt/ 表示“预算”，英文解释为“the money that is available to a person or an organization and a plan of how it will be spent over a period of time”如：a big-budget movie 一部巨额预算的电影。

作动词，表示“制订预算，计划（开支）”，英文解释为“to plan how much money you will spend on something”举个🌰：An extra $20 million has been budgeted for schools this year. 今年学校预算增加了2000万英镑。

沙阿是辛辛那提大学（University of Cincinnati）的市场营销教授，她表示，如果知道度假归来后快乐仍将继续，"就能避免你在假期最后几天购买不必要的东西。"

Continuing the funpost-holidaykeeps her from chasing happiness while on holiday because she knows it’s awaiting her back home. Ultimately, it allows her to spend more wisely during the days she’s travelling rather thansplurgingon items she doesn’t need just before she flies home.

把乐趣延续到假期结束之后，她就不必在假期中追求快乐，因为她知道快乐在家里等着自己。最终，这会让她在旅行过程中更加明智地花钱，而不是在飞回家之前把钱花到一些根本不需要的东西上。

post-holiday

post-holiday /ˌpəʊstˈhɒl.ə.deɪ/ 表示“节后”，英文解释为“happening or existing after you have taken a holiday”举个🌰：I had a bad case of post-holiday blues. 我患上了严重的节后忧郁症。

splurging

splurge /splɜːdʒ/ 可以作名词也可以作动词，表示“乱花（钱）；挥霍（尤指购买奢侈品）”，英文解释为“to spend a lot of money on buying goods, especially expensive goods”举个🌰：I feel like splurging (out) on a new dress. 我想花大价钱买件新裙子。

作名词，还可以指“大量的东西，过量的东西”，英文解释为“a large or excessive amount of something”举个🌰：There has recently been a splurge of teach-yourself books. 最近有大量自学书籍上市。

Collectiveblindspot普遍现象

Many people return from holidays to higher-than-expected credit card bills. In the US, the overspend can represent a seriouschunkof household income: 74% of Americans admitted falling into debt of more than $1,100 after returning from a holiday, according to a 2017 survey by personal finance website Learnvest.

度假归来之后，很多人的信用卡账单都会超出预期。在美国，超支可能在家庭收入中占据相当大的比例：根据财经网站Learnvest 2017年进行的一项调查，74%的美国人都承认在度假回来后会背负超过1,100美元的债务。

blindspot

blind spot /ˈblaɪnd ˌspɒt/ 1）表示“盲点；视线盲区；（尤指）驾车时的盲区”，英文解释为“an area that you are not able to see, especially the part of a road you cannot see when you are driving, behind and slightly to one side of the car”举个🌰：It can be very dangerous if there's a vehicle in your blind spot. 如果车辆出现在盲区，将是十分危险的。

2）表示“薄弱科目；无知领域”，英文解释为“a subject that you find very difficult to understand at all, sometimes because you are not willing to try”举个🌰：I am pretty good at English, but I have a blind spot where spelling is concerned. 我英语学得不错，但在拼写方面有比较薄弱。

chunk

chunk /tʃʌŋk/ 表示“大块；厚块；一部分；（尤指）大部分，一大块”，英文解释为“a roughly cut piece；a part of something, especially a large part”如：a chunk of cheese 一大块奶酪，a chunk of meat 一大块肉，a chunk of text 一大段文字，a substantial chunk of profits 利润的很大一部分。

🎬电影《冰河世纪4：大陆漂移》（Ice Age: Continental Drift）中的台词提到：Now get this chunk of ice seaworthy by sundown 太阳下山前把这块浮冰给我找来。

根据英国旅行社协会（Association of British Travel Agents）的研究，英国有很多旅行者甚至在离开自己的国家之前，人均花费就达到了532英镑（718美元）——包括从免税商品到与行程相关的服装等各种消费。

"我服务过的很多对象在自己的财务生活中从来都不出问题——只有度假的时候才是例外。"心理学家兼财务顾问布拉德·克隆茨（Brad Klontz）说，他专门为客户提供开支方面的建议。

Hard cash货币因素

So why do people lose control of their spending when travelling?

人们在旅行期间的开支为什么会失控呢？

hard cash

hard cash /ˌhɑːd ˈkæʃ/ 表示“现金，现钞”，英文解释为“money in the form of coins or notes but not a cheque or a credit card”

There are a host ofsubconsciousreasons behind spending more on holiday and it’s difficult to keep them in check, says Klaus Wertenbroch, marketing professor at INSEAD business school’s Singapore campus.

INSEAD商学院新加坡校区市场营销教授克劳斯·沃腾布拉赫（Klaus Wertenbroch）表示，度假期间的花费之所以会增加，其实是许多潜意识因素在作怪。

subconscious

subconscious /ˌsʌbˈkɒn.ʃəs/ 表示“潜意识，下意识”，英文解释为“the part of your mind that notices and remembers information when you are not actively trying to do so, and influences your behaviour even though you do not realize it”举个🌰：The memory was buried deep within my subconscious. 那段记忆深深埋藏在我的潜意识里。

For one,currencydifferences can trick you into feeling you have more money to spend when abroad, says Wertenbroch.

沃腾布拉赫表示，首先，货币差异可能导致你出国时感觉手头有更多的钱可以花。

currency

1）表示“货币，通货”，英文解释为“the money that is used in a particular country at a particular time”如：foreign currency 外币。

2）表示“流行；流通；通用”，英文解释为“the state of being commonly known or accepted, or of being used in many places”举个🌰：His ideas enjoyed wide currency during the last century. 他的思想在上个世纪广为流传。

A 2007 paper he co-authored found that that thenominal(face) value of money affects how peopleperceiveits real value: if you’re in a country where the face value of the foreign currency is afractionof your home currency, you’re likely to spend more.

他在2007年与人合著的一篇论文中发现，货币面值会影响人们对其真实价值的感知：如果目的地的外币面值远低于你自己国家的本国货币面值，你的花费就有可能增加。

nominal

nominal /ˈnɒm.ɪ.nəl/ 1）表示“名义上的；有名无实的”，英文解释为“in name or thought but not in fact or not as things really are”举个🌰：She's the nominal head of our college - the real work is done by her deputy. 她名义上是我们学院的校长——实际工作都是由她的副手来完成的。

2）表示“（金额）微不足道的，象征性的”，英文解释为“A nominal amount of money is very small compared to an expected price or value.”如：a nominal sum/charge 象征性的一笔款项/一点费用。

perceive

perceive /pəˈsiːv/ 1）表示“感知，察觉，注意到，意识到”，英文解释为“to see something or someone, or to notice something that is obvious”举个🌰：He perceived a tiny figure in the distance. 他注意到远处有个很小的身影。

2）表示“认为；看待；视为”，英文解释为“to come to an opinion about something, or have a belief about something”举个🌰：How do the French perceive the British? 法国人是如何看待英国人的？

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述比特币的文章中提到：Scarcity is a trait of many things that are perceived to have value. 稀缺性正是许多被视为有价值的事物共有的特征。

fraction

fraction /ˈfræk.ʃən/ 表示“少量”，英文解释为“A fraction of something is a tiny amount or proportion of it.”举个🌰：She hesitated for a fraction of a second before responding. 她犹豫了一下才回应。

So what should you do? 应该如何应对这种情况？

Rather than creating a budget based on what you’re planning to spend, treat your holiday like you would daily life, recommends Shah.

沙阿建议，不要根据你的想花多少钱来制定预算，而应该把度假消费当成日常生活来对待。

Getacquaintedwith the currency and how much items cost prior to the trip. Reading about transport, food and entertainment costs can make prices seem more familiar once you’re actually on the trip. Set up a daily – rather than a weekly – budget based on your research of how much you expect to pay for food, transport, activities and anything else you plan to purchase while traveling so it’s easier to track.

还应该在启程前熟悉旅游地的货币价格以及物品的价格。查看机场、餐饮和娱乐费用可以让你在踏上行程之后对价格更加熟悉。如果你对自己准备在食品、交通、活动以及旅行中购买的各种物品上花费的资金展开了一定的研究，那么在制定预算时，就应该以天为单位，而不是以星期为单位，这样就更容易跟踪各种费用。

acquainted

acquainted /əˈkweɪn.tɪd/ 表示“相识的；认识的；熟悉的”，英文解释为“knowing or being familiar with a person”举个🌰："Do you know LR?" "No, I'm afraid we're not acquainted." “你认识LR吗？”“很遗憾，我跟他不认识。”

Finally, attempt to pay for the holiday within a short period of time;incurringflight andlodgingexpenses over a few months makes it easy to lose track of how much you’ll spend on eachportion, adds Shah.

最后，沙阿还补充道，应该尽量在短时间内支付节假日的费用；在几个月的时间内分散支付机票和住宿费，也容易导致你无法追踪自己在每个部分上的开支。

incur

incur /ɪnˈkɜːr/ 1）表示“招致；遭受，引起”，英文解释为“to experience something, usually something unpleasant, as a result of actions you have taken”如：to incur debts/fines/bills 招致债务/遭到罚款/要付账。

2）表示“引致，带来（成本、花费等）”，英文解释为“if you incur costs, you have to pay them”举个🌰：You risk incurring bank charges if you exceed your overdraft limit. 如果超出了透支限额，就有被银行加收费用的风险。

incurring在这里表示「逐步产生或承担」某些费用的过程。

lodging

lodging /ˈlɒdʒ.ɪŋ/ 表示“寄宿的地方;借宿的地方”，英文解释为“a temporary place to stay”举个🌰：The price includes board and lodging (= meals and a room to sleep in). 该价格包括食宿费。

portion

portion /ˈpɔː.ʃən/ 1）表示“一部分；一份”，英文解释为“a part or share of something larger”举个🌰：A large/major portion of the company's profit goes straight back into new projects. 公司利润的一大部分/主要部分又直接投入了新的项目。

2）表示“（食物的）一份，一客”，英文解释为“the amount of a particular food that is served to one person, especially in a restaurant or a shop that sells food ready to be eaten”举个🌰：The portions are very generous in this restaurant. 这家饭店每份菜量都很足。

📍宝马mini道歉文中，路透社（Reuters）用serving，表示该含义，原文：A person familiar with the matter said the booth had finished giving out 300 servings of ice cream meant for visitors when the incident occurred and the foreigner in the video was a BMW employee. 一名知情人士表示，事发时，该展位已经发放完300份为参展者准备的冰淇淋，视频中的外国人是宝马公司的员工。

📍serving /ˈsɜː.vɪŋ/ 作名词，表示“（供一人食用的）一份；一客”，英文解释为“an amount of one type of food that is given to one person”举个🌰：The quantities given in the recipe should be enough for four servings. 食谱上给出的量足够4个人吃。

- 词汇盘点 -

blues、 budgeting、 post-holiday、 splurging、 blindspot、 chunk、 hard cash、 subconscious、 currency、 nominal、 perceive、 fraction、 acquainted、 incur、 lodging、 portion

- 词汇助记 By ChatGPT -

After the post-holiday splurging, budgeting revealed a chunk of hard cash spent on lodging. A blindspot in his subconscious made him perceive only a fraction of his currency, causing him to incur nominal debt. Acquainted with the blues, he vowed to manage each portion wisely.

- 推荐阅读 -

写在九周年的话

为了这个合集，准备了3年8个月

「LearnAndRecord」2023年度盘点

有人听写吗？推荐练听力小程序

「合集」2024政府工作报告笔记

- END -

LearnAndRecord

2015年2月8日

2024年10月3日

第3526天

每天持续行动学外语