最近，英国研究人员推出一款AI工具，基于心电图可预测患者10年内死亡的风险、未来发生心力衰竭等疾病的概率，预测准确率均超过70%。
今天你练听力了吗？
🤔️小作业：
1. Based on the text, which of the following is a potential long-term benefit of Aire's implementation?
A) Reducing the cost of ECG tests across the NHS.
B) Enabling widespread, preventive healthcare interventions.
C) Eliminating the need for follow-up treatments for heart diseases.
D) Increasing the demand for advanced heart surgery.
无注释原文：
NHS in England to trial AI tool to predict risk of fatal heart disease
From: The Guardian
The NHS in England is to trial a “superhuman” artificial intelligence tool that predicts a patient's risk of disease and dying early.
The new technology, known as AI-ECG risk estimation, or Aire, is trained to read the results of electrocardiogram (ECG) tests, which record the electrical activity of the heart and are used to check for problems.
It can detect problems in the structure of the heart that doctors would not be able to see, and flag patients who may benefit from further monitoring, tests or treatment.
In a world first, it will initially be trialled at Imperial College Healthcare NHS trust and Chelsea and Westminster hospital NHS foundation trust, before being tested in other hospitals. It is understood hundreds of patients will be recruited in the first instance, with numbers then scaled up for further studies.
Research published in the Lancet Digital Health journal found Aire could correctly identify a patient's risk of death in the 10 years after the ECG in 78% of cases.
Researchers trained Aire using a dataset of 1.16m ECG test results from 189,539 patients.
The platform could also predict future heart failure in 79% of cases, future serious heart rhythm problems in 76% of cases, and future atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease – where the arteries narrow, making blood flow difficult – in 70% of cases.
Dr Fu Siong Ng, a reader in cardiac electrophysiology at Imperial College London and a consultant cardiologist at Imperial College Healthcare NHS trust, said: “The vision is every ECG that will be done in hospital will be put through the model. So anyone who has an ECG anywhere in the NHS in 10 years' time, or five years' time, would be put through the models and the clinicians will be informed, not just about what the diagnosis is, but a prediction of a whole range of health risks, which means that we can then intervene early and prevent disease.
“If, for example, it says you're at high risk of a specific heart rhythm problem, you could be more aggressive in preventative treatment to prevent it from happening. There are some linked to weight, so you can put them through weight-loss programmes. You might even think about earlier medical treatments to prevent things from progressing, but that will be the subject of the clinical studies that we plan to do.”
Dr Arunashis Sau, a British Heart Foundation (BHF) clinical research fellow at Imperial College London's National Heart and Lung Institute and a cardiology registrar at Imperial College Healthcare NHS trust, said the goal was to use the AI checks on the ECGs to identify people at higher risk. “ECG is a very common and very cheap test, but that could then be used to guide more detailed testing that could then change how we manage patients and potentially reduce the risk of anything bad happening.
“One key distinction is that the goal here was to do something that was superhuman – so not replace or speed up something that a doctor could do, but to do something that a doctor cannot do from looking at heart tracing.”
- ◆ -
注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考
含注释全文：
NHS in England to trial AI tool to predict risk of fatal heart disease
From: The Guardian
The NHS in England is totriala “superhuman” artificial intelligence tool that predicts a patient's risk of disease and dying early.
英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）将试用一种“超越人类”人工智能工具，用于预测病人患病风险和早逝几率。
trial
trial /traɪəl/ 可以作动词，也可以作名词，1）表示“审讯，审理，审判”，英文解释为“A trial is a formal meeting in a law court, at which a judge and jury listen to evidence and decide whether a person is guilty of a crime.”举个🌰：I have the right to a trial with a jury of my peers. 我有权要求由和我一样的平民组成的陪审团参加审判。
2）表示“（对能力、质量、性能等的）试验，试用”，英文解释为“the process of testing the ability, quality or performance of sb/sth, especially before you make a final decision about them”。
区分：
📍trail作名词则表示“小路，小径”，如：a forest/mountain trail 林间/山间小道，以及“臭迹；踪迹；痕迹；蛛丝马迹，线索”等意思（the smell or series of marks left by a person, animal, or thing as it moves along；various pieces of information that together show where someone you are searching for has gone）举个🌰：The dogs are trained to follow the trail left by the fox. 这些狗经过特别的训练，能够追踪狐狸留下的气味。
The new technology, known as AI-ECG risk estimation, or Aire, is trained to read the results ofelectrocardiogram(ECG) tests, which record the electrical activity of the heart and are used to check for problems.
这项名为AI-ECG风险评估（AI-ECG risk estimation，简称Aire）的新技术，专门训练用于解读心电图（ECG）结果。心电图记录心脏电活动，用于诊断心脏问题。
electrocardiogram
electrocardiogram /iˌlek.trəˈkɑː.di.ə.ɡræm/ 表示“心电图”，英文解释为“a drawing or electronic image made by an electrocardiograph”
It can detect problems in the structure of the heart that doctors would not be able to see, andflagpatients who may benefit from further monitoring, tests or treatment.
它可以检测出医生无法发现的心脏结构问题，并标记出可能需要进一步监测、检测或治疗的患者。
flag
flag /flæɡ/ 作动词，表示“给…做标记”，英文解释为“to put a mark on something so it can be found easily among other similar things”举个🌰：Flag any files that might be useful later. 给日后可能有用的文件做上标记。
In a world first, it will initially be trialled atImperialCollege Healthcare NHStrustand Chelsea and Westminster hospital NHS foundation trust, before being tested in other hospitals. It is understood hundreds of patients will be recruitedin the first instance, with numbers thenscaled upfor further studies.
这一世界首创的技术将首先在帝国理工学院医疗NHS信托（Imperial College Healthcare NHS trust）和切尔西与威斯敏斯特医院NHS基金会信托（Chelsea and Westminster hospital NHS foundation trust）进行试验，然后再在其他医院进行测试。据了解，首批将招募数百名患者，随后会扩大规模进行进一步研究。
imperial
imperial /ɪmˈpɪə.ri.əl/ 表示“帝国的；皇帝的”，英文解释为“belonging or relating to an empire or the person or country that rules it”如：Britain's imperial past 英国的帝国史。
trust
熟词僻义，表示“委托；信托；信托财产”，英文解释为“an arrangement by which an organization or a group of people has legal control of money or property that has been given to sb, usually until that person reaches a particular age; an amount of money or property that is controlled in this way”举个🌰：He set up a trust for his children. 他为子女安排好了信托财产。
in the first instance
英式，表示“首先”，英文解释为“as the first attempt or effort”举个🌰：Enquiries about the post should be addressed in the first instance to the personnel manager. 询问职位事宜应该首先咨询人事经理。
scale sth up
scale sth up表示“增加，增大”，英文解释为“to increase the size, amount, or importance of something, usually an organization or process”举个🌰：My company is scaling up its operations in Western Asia. 我公司正在扩大西亚的业务。
Research published in the Lancet Digital Health journal found Aire could correctly identify a patient's risk of death in the 10 years after the ECG in 78% of cases.
发表在《柳叶刀·数字健康》（Lancet Digital Health）期刊上的研究发现，Aire识别患者在心电图检查后10年内死亡风险的准确率达78%。
Researchers trained Aire using a dataset of 1.16m ECG test results from 189,539 patients.
研究人员利用来自189,539名患者的116万份心电图检查结果数据集对Aire进行了训练。
The platform could also predict future heart failure in 79% of cases, future serious heartrhythmproblems in 76% of cases, and future atheroscleroticcardiovasculardisease – where thearteriesnarrow, making blood flow difficult – in 70% of cases.
Aire预测未来发生心力衰竭的准确率达79%；预测未来发生严重心律问题的准确率为76%；预测未来发生动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（动脉变窄导致血流不畅）的准确率达70%。
rhythm
rhythm /ˈrɪðəm/ 1）表示“（尤指自然界中的）规则变化，规律，节律”，英文解释为“a regular pattern of change, especially one that happens in nature”如：the rhythm of the seasons 四季的交替。
2）表示“（音乐、诗歌和舞蹈的）节奏，韵律，节律”，英文解释为“a strong pattern of sounds, words, or musical notes that is used in music, poetry, and dancing”举个🌰：He beat out a jazz rhythm on the drums. 他击出爵士乐节奏的鼓点。
cardiovascular
cardiovascular /ˌkɑːdɪəʊˈvæskjʊlə/ 表示“心血管的”，英文解释为“Cardiovascular means relating to the heart and blood vessels.”举个🌰：Smoking places you at serious risk of cardiovascular and respiratory disease. 吸烟会严重增加罹患心血管和呼吸道疾病的风险。
artery
artery /ˈɑː.tər.i/ 表示“动脉”，英文解释为“one of the thick tubes that carry blood from the heart to other parts of the body”举个🌰：Hardening of the coronary arteries can lead to a heart attack. 冠状动脉硬化可能导致心脏病发作。
Dr Fu Siong Ng, areaderin cardiac electrophysiology at Imperial College London and a consultantcardiologistat Imperial College Healthcare NHS trust, said: “The vision is every ECG that will be done in hospital will be put through the model. So anyone who has an ECG anywhere in the NHS in 10 years' time, or five years' time, would be put through the models and theclinicianswill be informed, not just about what the diagnosis is, but a prediction of a whole range of health risks, which means that we can theninterveneearly and prevent disease.
帝国理工学院（Imperial College London）心脏电生理学高级讲师、帝国理工学院医疗NHS信托心脏病顾问Fu Siong Ng博士说：“我们的愿景是，医院里做的每张心电图都将通过该模型进行分析。因此，未来五至十年内，在英国国家医疗服务体系下接受心电图检查的人都将通过模型进行分析，临床医生了解到的将不仅仅是诊断结果，还有一系列健康风险的预测结果，这意味着我们可以及早介入，预防患病。”
reader
reader /ˈriː.dər/熟词僻义，一般用Reader，R大写，表示“（英国大学仅次于教授的）准教授；高级讲师”，英文解释为“a teacher, at British universities, just under the rank of professor”举个🌰：He is a Reader in History at Dublin University. 他是都柏林大学的历史学准教授。
cardiologist
cardiologist /ˌkɑː.diˈɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ 表示“心脏病专家”，英文解释为“a doctor who specializes in treating diseases of the heart”
clinician
clinician /klɪˈnɪʃ.ən/ 表示“临床医师”，英文解释为“someone, such as a doctor, who has qualifications in an area of very skilled health work”
intervene
intervene /ˌɪn.təˈviːn/ 1）表示“干预，介入”，英文解释为“If you intervene in a situation, you become involved in it and try to change it.”举个🌰：She might have been killed if the neighbours hadn't intervened. 要不是邻居介入，她可能会没命了。
2）表示“插话”，英文解释为“If you intervene, you interrupt a conversation in order to add something to it.”举个🌰：He intervened and told me to stop it. 他插话，不让我再说下去。
3）表示“干扰”，英文解释为“If an event intervenes, it happens suddenly in a way that stops, delays, or prevents something from happening.”举个🌰：The boat arrived on Friday mornings unless bad weather intervened. 除非受到恶劣天气的干扰，船于星期五上午到达。
“If, for example, it says you're at high risk of a specific heart rhythm problem, you could be moreaggressivein preventative treatment to prevent it from happening. There are some linked to weight, so you can put them through weight-loss programmes. You might even think about earlier medical treatments to prevent things from progressing, but that will be the subject of the clinical studies that we plan to do.”
“例如，如果模型显示你是某种心律问题的高危人群，那么你就可以更积极地进行预防性治疗，防止患病。有些疾病与体重有关，你就可以安排减肥计划。甚至可以考虑提前进行药物治疗，以防止病情恶化，但这将是我们计划中的临床研究课题。”
aggressive
aggressive /əˈɡres.ɪv/ 1）表示“好斗的；挑衅的；侵略的”，英文解释为“angry, and behaving in a threatening way; ready to attack”
2）表示“气势汹汹的；声势浩大的；志在必得的；积极进取的；有冲劲的；雄心勃勃的”，英文解释为“acting with force and determination in order to succeed”如：an aggressive advertising campaign 一场声势浩大的广告宣传活动。
Dr Arunashis Sau, a British Heart Foundation (BHF) clinical research fellow at Imperial College London's National Heart and Lung Institute and acardiology registrarat Imperial College Healthcare NHS trust, said the goal was to use the AI checks on the ECGs to identify people at higher risk. “ECG is a very common and very cheap test, but that could then be used to guide more detailed testing that could then change how we manage patients and potentially reduce the risk of anything bad happening.
帝国理工学院国家心肺研究所英国心脏基金会（BHF）临床研究员、帝国理工学院医疗NHS信托心脏病学注册医师阿鲁纳希斯·绍博士（Dr Arunashis Sau）表示，我们的目标是通过心电图筛查高风险人群。“心电图是一种非常常见且价格低廉的检查，但若用于指导更深入的检查，可能对患者治疗产生重大影响，并有可能降低任何不良情况发生的风险。”
cardiology
cardiology /ˌkɑː.diˈɒl.ə.dʒi/ 表示“心脏病学”，英文解释为“the study and treatment of medical conditions of the heart”
registrar
registrar /ˌredʒ.ɪˈstrɑːr/ 1）表示“（尤指出生、死亡和婚姻登记的）登记员，户籍管理员”，英文解释为“an official whose job is to keep official records, especially of births, deaths, and marriages”
2）表示“（某些大学的）注册主任，教务主任，教务长”，英文解释为“at some colleges, an official in charge of exams, keeping records, and new students”
3）英式，表示“专科住院医生”，英文解释为“a type of hospital doctor”举个🌰：A hospital registrar is of a lower rank than a consultant. 医院的专科住院医生比会诊医生级别低。
“One keydistinctionis that the goal here was to do something that was superhuman – so not replace or speed up something that a doctor could do, but to do something that a doctor cannot do from looking at heart tracing.”
“一大区别在于，该工具的目标是做一些“超越人类”的事情——不是取代医生或提高医生的效率——而是实现医生通过心电图肉眼无法做到的分析。”
distinction
distinction /dɪˈstɪŋk.ʃən/ 1）表示“区别，差别，不同”，英文解释为“a difference between two similar things”举个🌰：There's a clear distinction between the dialects spoken in the two regions. 这两个地区的方言有着明显的不同。
2）表示“（尤指给学生的）优等评分，荣誉，奖赏；（学生作业的）优，优等”，英文解释为“a special mark/grade or award that is given to sb, especially a student, for excellent work”
3）表示“优秀，卓越”，英文解释为“the quality of being excellent”如：a writer/scientist/wine of distinction 一流的作家/科学家/葡萄酒。
4）表示“特质，特性”，英文解释为“the quality of being special or different”举个🌰：She has the distinction of being one of the few people to have an honorary degree conferred on her by the university this year. 今年只有几个人被授予了大学荣誉学位，她有幸成为其中之一。
- 词汇盘点 -
trial、 electrocardiogram、 flag、 imperial、 trust、 in the first instance、 scale sth up、 rhythm、 cardiovascular、 artery、 reader、 cardiologist、 clinician、 intervene、 aggressive、 cardiology、 registrar、 distinction
- 词汇助记 By ChatGPT -
A distinguished cardiologist conducted a trial in imperial cardiology. An electrocardiogram flagged irregular artery rhythms. In the first instance, the clinician trusted the registrar’s aggressive intervention to scale up cardiovascular care. Readers trusted the study’s rhythm and trust.
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