华晨宇演唱会震碎肾结石？

近日，有网友在小红书上发帖称，看了华晨宇演唱会，似乎震碎了肾结石，排除了黄色颗粒物，引发热议。

借（cèng）此（gè）机（rè）会（diǎn），我们就来看看一项关于肾结石的研究。密歇根州立大学研究者发现，坐过山车可以加速肾结石脱落，该研究于2018年获得了“搞笑诺贝尔奖”。

🤔️小作业：

1. Based on the passage, why might riding a roller coaster help in passing kidney stones?A) The high speeds of the ride break down the stones

B) The G-forces and movements help dislodge the stones

C) The loud noises distract the body from the pain

D) The ride increases the body's temperature, dissolving the stones

2. Why might researchers suggest that patients who have had lithotripsy consider a roller-coaster ride?

A) To break down large kidney stones

B) To prevent the formation of new kidney stones

C) To help pass remaining stone fragments

D) To test the effectiveness of lithotripsy

无注释原文：

Got kidney stones? Try riding a roller coaster to dislodge them

From: Chicago Tribune, September 26, 2016

Just ask any one of the 300,000 Americans who, in any given year, develop kidney stones: What if the excruciating pain of passing one of those little devils could be prevented by strapping yourself into a make-believe runaway mine train, throwing your hands in the air and enduring G-forces as high as 2.5 for about three minutes? Would you do it?

Hell yeah, they'd do it.

In a bit of medical research inspired by strange and remarkable patient accounts, a Michigan State University urologist reports that, yes, riding a medium-intensity roller coaster such as the Disney theme parks' Big Thunder Mountain Railroad can result in the painless passing of small, and even a few large, kidney stones.

For best results, ride in the back, where — roller coaster aficionados all seem to agree — the thrills are greatest. Independent of kidney stone volume and location, findings reported Sunday in the the Journal of the American Osteopathic Assn. showed that sitting in the back of the roller coaster resulted in an average passage rate of 63.89%.

Front-seat rides resulted in a far more modest passage rate of 16.67%.

In what magical kingdom, you may well ask, does someone think to conduct such research?

Dr. David D. Wartinger, a professor emeritus at Michigan State University's College of Osteopathic Medicine, initiated the study after a series of patients reported something almost too strange to believe: In the wake of riding Big Thunder at Walt Disney World in Orlando, Fla., these patients said their kidney stones passed painlessly from the kidney through the narrow duct of the ureter and into the bladder.

In one case, a patient told Wartinger that he passed one kidney stone after each of three consecutive rides on the roller coaster.

Using a 3-D printed model of that patient's kidney, Wartinger and his colleagues implanted three kidney stones of various sizes into the upper, middle or lower passageways of the clear silicone model. Two of those mineral clusters, which can form as the kidney filters waste from the bloodstream, were small-to-moderate size — 4.5 millmeters and 13.5 mm. But a third measured 64.6 mm, a size that would rarely pass without treatment — the administration of ultrasound shock waves, called lithotripsy, designed to break up the deposit and allow it to pass.

The researchers received permission from Walt Disney World first, then concealed the kidney model in a backpack and rode Big Thunder 20 times, varying their seat position between front and back.

After analyzing the location of those three kidney stones at the end of each ride, the researchers concluded that “findings support the anecdotal evidence that a ride on a moderate-intensity roller coaster could benefit some patients with small kidney stones,” Wartinger said. When the kidney stone was large, the initial position of the kidney stone affected the likelihood of its passing during the ride. But even those passed two in three times while the silicone model rode the thrill ride.

“Many people in the United States probably live within a few hours' drive of an amusement park containing a roller coaster with features capable of dislodging calyceal renal calculi,” wrote Wartinger and co-author Dr. Marc A. Mitchell of the Doctor's Clinic in Poulsbo, Wash.

Roller coaster therapy might be a good preventive treatment for people who are high risk of developing obstructive kidney stones, wrote Wartinger and Mitchell. They suggested that patients who have had kidney stones in the past, or women who have had kidney stones and are thinking of becoming pregnant, consider a thrill ride or two in a bid to clear tiny stones before the deposits grow larger. Kidney stone sufferers who have had their deposits broken up by lithotripsy might also consider a roller-coaster ride to finish the job, they said.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Got kidney stones? Try riding a roller coaster to dislodge them

From: Chicago Tribune, September 26, 2016

Just ask any one of the 300,000 Americans who, in any given year, developkidney stones: What if theexcruciatingpain of passing one of those littledevilscould be prevented bystrappingyourself into amake-believe runawaymine train, throwing your hands in the air and enduring G-forces as high as 2.5 for about three minutes? Would you do it?

每年都有30万美国人患上肾结石，问问他们就知道了：假如把自己绑在一列模拟失控矿车上，高举双手，忍受高达2.5G的重力加速度约三分钟，就能避免罹患肾结石的剧痛？你会这么做吗？

kidney stone

kidney stone /ˈkɪd.ni ˌstəʊn/ 表示“肾结石”，英文解释为“a solid mass of hard material that can form in the kidney and cause pain”

kidney /ˈkɪd.ni/ 表示“肾，肾脏”，英文解释为“either of a pair of small organs in the body that take away waste matter from the blood to produce urine”如：kidney failure 肾脏衰竭。

excruciating

excruciating /ɪkˈskruː.ʃi.eɪ.tɪŋ/ 1）表示“剧烈疼痛的；极痛苦的”，英文解释为“extremely painful”如：an excruciating pain in the lower back 腰部的剧烈疼痛。

2）表示“极其乏味的；极其令人厌烦的；极度尴尬的”，英文解释为“extremely boring or embarrassing”如：excruciating boredom 极其无聊。

devil

devil /ˈdev.əl/ 表示“魔鬼，恶魔，妖魔”，英文解释为“an evil being, often represented in human form but with a tail and horns”

strap

strap /stræp/ 作名词，表示“皮带；带子”，英文解释为“a narrow piece of leather or other strong material used for fastening something or giving support”举个🌰：Could you help me fasten this strap around my suitcase? 你能帮我用这条带子把手提箱系紧吗？

2）作动词，表示“用带子系（或捆、绑）”，英文解释为“to fasten something in position by fastening a narrow piece of leather or other strong material around it”举个🌰：Are the kids strapped into their car seats? 给孩子们系好坐椅安全带了吗？

make-believe

make-believe /ˈmeɪk.bɪˌliːv/ 表示“虚幻，假想”，英文解释为“believing or imagining things that appear to be attractive or exciting, but are not real”举个🌰：He lives in a world of make-believe/make-believe world. 他生活在虚幻的世界里。

runaway

runaway /ˈrʌn.ə.weɪ/ 1）作形容词，表示“迅猛发展而难以控制的”，英文解释为“You use runaway to describe a situation in which something increases or develops very quickly and cannot be controlled.”举个🌰：Our June sale was a runaway success. 我们6月份的促销大获成功。

2）作形容词，表示“（车辆或动物）失控的”，英文解释为“A runaway vehicle or animal is moving forward quickly, and its driver or rider has lost control of it.”举个🌰：The runaway car careered into a bench, hitting an elderly couple. 那辆失控的轿车疾速撞上了一条长凳，撞了一对老夫妇。

3）作名词，表示“离家出走者”，英文解释为“A runaway is someone, especially a child, who leaves home without telling anyone or without permission.”如：a teenage runaway 一名十来岁的离家出走者。

Hell yeah, they'd do it.

当然，他们会这么做的。

In a bit of medical research inspired by strange and remarkable patient accounts, a Michigan State Universityurologistreports that, yes, riding a medium-intensity rollercoastersuch as the Disney theme parks' Big Thunder Mountain Railroad can result in the painless passing of small, and even a few large, kidney stones.

受到一些奇特且不同寻常的患者病例启发，密歇根州立大学的一位泌尿科医生报告说，确实，乘坐如迪士尼乐园的“巨雷山铁路”（Big Thunder Mountain Railroad）这样中等强度的过山车，能够无痛排出小的、甚至一些较大的肾结石。

urologist

urologist /jʊəˈrɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ 表示“泌尿科医生”，英文解释为“a doctor who specializes in treating diseases of the parts of the body that produce and carry urine”

intensity

intensity /ɪnˈten.sə.ti/ 1）表示“强烈；剧烈”，英文解释为“the quality of being felt strongly or having a very strong effect”举个🌰：The explosion was of such intensity that it was heard five miles away. 爆炸的巨响5英里以外都能听见。

2）表示“（感情或看法的）强烈；认真；全情投入”，英文解释为“the quality of being very serious and having strong emotions or opinions”举个🌰：The intensity of their relationship was causing problems. 他们关系中所牵涉的感情强烈得引发了问题。

roller coaster

1）表示“过山车，云霄飞车”，英文解释为“A roller coaster is a small railway at an amusement park that goes up and down steep slopes fast that people ride on for pleasure or excitement.”

2）表示“（局势的）急转突变，变幻莫测；（情绪的）大起大落”，英文解释为“a situation which changes from one extreme to another, or in which a person's feelings change from one extreme to another”举个🌰：He was on an emotional roller coaster for a while when he lost his job. 他失去工作后，有段时间情绪总是大起大落。

For best results, ride in the back, where — roller coasteraficionadosall seem to agree — thethrillsare greatest. Independent of kidney stonevolumeand location, findings reported Sunday in the the Journal of the American Osteopathic Assn. showed that sitting in the back of the roller coaster resulted in an average passage rate of 63.89%.

为了达到最佳效果，建议坐在后排，因为过山车爱好者似乎都认为后排最刺激。周日，发表在《美国骨科协会杂志》（Journal of the American Osteopathic Assn.）的一项研究结果表明，无论肾结石的大小和位置如何，坐在过山车后排的肾结石排出率为63.89%。

aficionado

aficionado /əˌfɪʃ.i.əˈnɑː.dəʊ/ 表示“酷爱…者;…迷”，英文解释为“someone who is very interested in and enthusiastic about a particular subject”如：a club for model railway aficionados 铁路模型爱好者俱乐部。

thrill

thrill /θrɪl/ 作动词，表示“（使）兴奋；（使）激动；（使）紧张”，英文解释为“to make someone feel very excited and pleased”举个🌰：The 22-year-old swimmer thrilled the world with his performance. 这位22岁的游泳选手以他的表现让全世界激动。

作名词，表示“兴奋；激动；紧张感”，英文解释为“a feeling of extreme excitement, usually caused by something pleasant”如：the thrill of winning a competition 赢得比赛的激动。

volume

volume /ˈvɒl.juːm/ 作名词，1）表示“总数；总量；总额”，英文解释为“the number or amount of something in general”举个🌰：It's the sheer volume of traffic in the city that is causing the problems. 造成这些问题的就是城里的交通流量。

2）表示“容积；体积；容量”，英文解释为“the amount of space that is contained within an object or solid shape”举个🌰：Which of these bottles do you think has the greater volume? 你认为这些瓶子中哪个容积最大？

3）表示“卷；册”，英文解释为“one in a set of related books”也可以表示“书”，英文解释为“a book”如：如：a volume of poetry 一本诗集，举个🌰：She took a slim volume down from the shelf. 她从书架上取下一本很薄的书。

4）表示“音量；音量调节钮”，英文解释为“the level of sound produced by a television, radio, etc., or the switch or other device controlling this”举个🌰：Could you turn the volume down, please, I'm trying to sleep. 你能把音量调低些吗？我要睡觉。

Front-seat rides resulted in a far more modest passage rate of 16.67%.

坐在过山车前排的排出率仅为16.67%。

In what magical kingdom, you may well ask, does someone think to conduct such research?

你可能会问，在哪个神奇的王国里，会有人想到要进行这样的研究呢？

Dr. David D. Wartinger, a professoremeritusat Michigan State University's College ofOsteopathicMedicine,initiatedthe study after a series of patients reported something almost too strange to believe:In the wake ofriding Big Thunder at Walt Disney World in Orlando, Fla., these patients said their kidney stones passed painlessly from the kidney through the narrowductof the ureter and into the bladder.

在一连串患者反馈了一些几乎难以置信的怪事后，密歇根州立大学骨科医学院名誉教授大卫·沃丁格博士（Dr. David D. Wartinger）发起了这项研究。这些患者称，在佛罗里达州奥兰多的迪士尼乐园乘坐“巨雷山铁路”过山车后，他们的肾结石无痛地从肾脏通过输尿管狭窄的管道进入了膀胱。

emeritus

emeritus /ɪˈmer.ɪ.təs/表示“（常指大学教师）退休后保留头衔的，荣誉退休的”，英文解释为“(often Emeritus) used with a title to show that a person, usually a university teacher, keeps the title as an honour, although he or she has stopped working”，如：the Emeritus Professor of Biology 荣誉退休的生物学教授。

osteopathic

osteopathic /ˌɒs.ti.əˈpæθ.ɪk/ 表示“按骨的，整骨的，骨疗的”，英文解释为“relating to osteopathy (= the treatment of injuries to bones and muscles using pressure and movement)”如：osteopathic medicine 整骨治疗

initiate

initiate /ɪˈnɪʃ.i.eɪt/ 表示“开始，创始”，英文解释为“to cause something to begin”举个🌰：Who initiated the violence? 谁先使用暴力的？

in the wake of sth

in the wake of表示“作为…的后果；随…之后而来”，英文解释为“If something happens in the wake of something else, it happens after and often because of it.”举个🌰：Airport security was extra tight in the wake of yesterday's attacks. 昨天的袭击发生之后，机场安检变得格外严格。

🎬电影《科洛弗道10号》（10 Cloverfield Lane）中的台词提到：In the wake of this afternoon's widespread blackout 在今天下午的大面积停电之后，...

🎬电影《阿波罗13号》（APOLLO 13）中的台词提到：lt was that phosphorescent stuff that gets churned up in the wake of a big ship. 就是在大船驶过后被搅上来 会发出磷光的那种东西。

🎬传记电影《史蒂夫·乔布斯》（Steve Jobs）中的台词提到：Apple Computers closed two of its factories today in the wake of disappointing sales. 因为销量不佳 苹果电脑今天关闭了两家工厂。

duct

duct /dʌkt/ 表示“管道，管线；（人体的）管，导管”，英文解释为“a tube or pipe that carries liquid or air, especially in and out of buildings or through the body”举个🌰：Most office buildings have dozens of air ducts and vents. 大多数办公楼都有很多通风管道和通风口。

In one case, a patient told Wartinger that he passed one kidney stone after each of threeconsecutiverides on the roller coaster.

其中一个病例，患者告诉沃丁格，他连续坐了三次过山车，每次都排出一颗肾结石。

consecutive

consecutive /kənˈsek.jə.tɪv/ 表示“连续的，连贯的，不间断的”，英文解释为“Consecutive events, numbers, etc. follow one after another without an interruption.”举个🌰：This is the fifth consecutive weekend that I've spent working. 这是我连续第五个周末加班。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述绿色风投的文章中提到：Last year taxpayer-funded green-energy R&D around the world rose for the third consecutive year, to a record $25.4bn, accroding to the IEA. 根据国际能源署的数据，去年全球受政府资助的绿色能源研发连续第三年增长，达到创纪录的254亿美元。

Using a 3-D printed model of that patient's kidney, Wartinger and his colleaguesimplantedthree kidney stones of various sizes into the upper, middle or lower passageways of the clearsiliconemodel. Two of thosemineral clusters, which can form as the kidney filters waste from the bloodstream, were small-to-moderate size — 4.5 millmeters and 13.5 mm. But a third measured 64.6 mm, a size that would rarely pass without treatment — theadministrationof ultrasound shock waves, called lithotripsy, designed to break up thedepositand allow it to pass.

沃丁格和他的同事3D打印了该患者的肾脏模型，并将三个不同大小的肾结石植入透明硅胶模型的上、中、下部位。其中两种肾结石是在肾脏过滤血液中的废物时形成的，大小为4.5毫米和13.5毫米。第三个肾结石大小为64.6毫米，这种大小的肾结石在没有治疗（一般通过超声冲击波治疗，即碎石术，来击碎结石以排出体外）的情况下很少能够排出。

implant

implant /ˈɪm.plɑːnt/ 可以作名词，也可以作动词，表示“（手术中）植入，移植；（植入人体中的）移植物，植入物”，英文解释为“an organ, group of cells, or device that has been put into the body in a medical operation”

silicone

silicone /ˈsɪl.ɪ.kəʊn/ 表示“硅酮；硅树脂”，英文解释为“any of a number of compounds of silicon that are used in making artificial rubber, paint, polish, varnish, etc.”

📍clear silicone 透明硅胶

mineral

mineral /ˈmɪn.ər.əl/ 表示“矿物的；含矿物的，有矿物质的”，英文解释为“being or consisting of a mineral or minerals”如：a mineral deposit (= substance or layer that is left) 矿层。

cluster

cluster /ˈklʌs.tər/ 作动词，表示“群集，丛生；聚集”，英文解释为“be ore come into a cluster or close group; congregate”举个🌰：The children clustered together in the corner of the room. 孩子们聚集在房间的角落里。

作名词，1）表示“（人或动物的）群，团，组”，英文解释为“a group of people, animals or things close together”如：a cluster of spectators 一群旁观者；

2）表示“（同类物丛生或聚集的）簇，团，束，串”，英文解释为“a group of things of the same type that grow or appear close together”

administration

administration /ədˌmɪn.ɪˈstreɪ.ʃən/ 熟词僻义， 表示“（药品）提供；施用”，英文解释为“the act of giving someone something”举个🌰：There are strict controls on the administration of drugs. 药品的施用受严格控制。

deposit

deposit /dɪˈpɒz.ɪt/ 作名词，1）表示“沉淀物，沉积物”，英文解释为“a substance or layer that is left, usually after a liquid is removed”举个🌰：Decant the wine carefully, so that you leave the deposit in the bottom of the bottle. 将酒小心倒出，以免把瓶底的沉淀物带出来。

2）表示“预付款，定金”，英文解释为“an amount of money that you pay as the first part of the total payment for something”或者表示“押金”，英文解释为“an amount of money that you pay when you rent something, and is returned to you when you return the thing you have rented”

作动词，1）表示“（在银行或保险柜中）存放，存储（尤指钱款）”，英文解释为“to put something valuable, especially money, in a bank or safe (= strong box or cupboard with locks)”举个🌰：There's a night safe outside the bank, so you can deposit money whenever you wish. 银行外面有夜间保险箱，你可以随时把钱存进去。

2）表示“留下；存放”，英文解释为“to leave something somewhere”举个🌰：The flood waters fell, depositing mud over the whole area. 洪水退去后留下的淤泥覆盖了整个区域。

The researchers received permission from Walt Disney World first, thenconcealedthe kidney model in a backpack and rode Big Thunder 20 times, varying their seat position between front and back.

研究人员首先获得了迪斯尼乐园的许可，然后将肾脏模型藏在背包里，乘坐“巨雷山铁路”过山车20次，并在前后排之间变换座位位置。

conceal

conceal /kənˈsiːl/ 表示“隐藏；隐匿；隐瞒；隐蔽”，英文解释为“to prevent something from being seen or known about”举个🌰：The listening device was concealed in a pen. 窃听装置藏在了笔里。

🎬电影《V字仇杀队》（V for Vendetta）中的台词提到：Conceal me what I am and be my aid... for such disguise as haply shall become the form of my intent. 你得帮助我假扮起来... 好让我达到我的目的。

After analyzing the location of those three kidney stones at the end of each ride, the researchers concluded that “findings support theanecdotalevidence that a ride on a moderate-intensity roller coaster could benefit some patients with small kidney stones,” Wartinger said. When the kidney stone was large, the initial position of the kidney stone affected the likelihood of its passing during the ride. But even those passed two in three times while the silicone model rode the thrill ride.

每次乘坐过山车结束后，研究人员都会分析这三个肾结石的位置，最后得出结论：“研究结果支持这样的传闻，即乘坐中等强度的过山车对一些存在较小肾结石的患者有益，”沃丁格说。当肾结石较大时，肾结石的初始位置会影响其乘坐过山车排出的可能性。但即便如此，利用该硅胶模型进行刺激的过山车实验时，也有三分之二的几率能排出。

anecdotal

anecdotal /ˌænɪkˈdəʊt(ə)l/ 表示“逸事的；趣闻的；传闻的”，英文解释为“based on anecdotes and possibly not true or accurate”，如：anecdotal evidence 传闻的证据。

“Many people in the United States probably live within a few hours' drive of an amusement park containing a roller coaster with features capable ofdislodgingcalyceal renal calculi,” wrote Wartinger and co-author Dr. Marc A. Mitchell of the Doctor's Clinic in Poulsbo, Wash.

沃丁格和共同作者华盛顿州华盛顿州波尔斯波医生诊所的马克·米切尔博士（Dr. Marc A. Mitchell）写道：“在美国，许多人可能住在距离游乐园几小时车程的地方，而游乐园里的过山车具有能够排出肾盏结石的功能。”

dislodge

dislodge /dɪˈslɒdʒ/ 表示“（尤指在外力作用下）使移位；（把某物）强行去除，取出，移动；使免职”，英文解释为“to remove something or someone, especially by force, from a fixed position”举个🌰：The earthquake dislodged stones from the walls and the roof. 地震震落了墙壁和屋顶上的石头。

Roller coaster therapy might be a good preventive treatment for people who are high risk of developingobstructivekidney stones, wrote Wartinger and Mitchell. They suggested that patients who have had kidney stones in the past, or women who have had kidney stones and are thinking of becoming pregnant, consider a thrill ride or two in a bid to clear tiny stones before the deposits grow larger. Kidney stone sufferers who have had their deposits broken up by lithotripsy might also consider a roller-coaster ride to finish the job, they said.

沃丁格和米切尔写道，过山车疗法可能是患梗阻性肾结石高风险人群的一种很好的预防性治疗方法。他们建议，过去曾患肾结石的患者，或曾患肾结石并计划生育的女性，可以考虑乘坐一两次过山车，以便在结石增大之前清除微小结石。他们表示，已通过碎石术清除结石的患者也可以考虑乘坐过山车。

obstructive

obstructive /əbˈstrʌk.tɪv/ 1）表示“有意妨碍的，蓄意阻挠的；刁难的”，英文解释为“trying to stop someone from doing something by causing problems for them”举个🌰：We'd have made a decision by now if he hadn't been so obstructive. 要不是他从中作梗我们现在早就作出决定了。

2）表示“梗阻的；阻塞的；栓塞的”，英文解释为“connected with a passage, tube, etc. in your body that has become blocked”

- 词汇盘点 -

kidney stone、 excruciating、 devil、 strap、 make-believe、 runaway、 urologist、 intensity、 roller coaster、 aficionado、 thrill、 volume、 emeritus、 osteopathic、 initiate、 in the wake of sth、 duct、 consecutive、 implant、 silicone、 mineral、 cluster、 administration、 deposit、 conceal、 anecdotal、 dislodge、 obstructive

- 词汇助记 By ChatGPT -

An osteopathic urologist, emeritus and thrill aficionado, faced consecutive kidney stone cases, each obstructive and formed from devilish mineral clusters. Initiating treatment, he dislodged excruciating deposits with an implant—a silicone strap designed to ease duct intensity post-discovery. Anecdotal evidence concealed roller coaster intensity.

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